KINGDOM ANIMALIA:

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KINGDOM ANIMALIA

• 10 PHYLA
• Porifera
• Cnidaria
• Rotifera
• Platyhelminthes
• Nematoda
• Annelida
• Mollusca
• Arthropoda
• Echinodermata
• 10. Chordata

Invertebrates
Vertebrates
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Phylum Porifera

• Sponges
• Very primitive, no true tissues
• Supported by spongin (protein fibers) or spicules
  (mineral crystals)
• Sessile animals live attached to rocks.
• Get food/ oxygen from water that is pumped
  through their hollow bodies by cells with
  flagella
• Filter feeders
• Reproduce through budding and sperm/eggs

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Phylum Porifera
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• Flagellated choanocytes - Filter food / O2 from
  the water passing through the porous body

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Phylum Cnidaria

• Have true tissue no organs
• Have a simple skeletal system
• Excretion through same opening used to pump food/
  water through
• Free-floating or sessile
• 2 stages of life cycle- medusa/polyp
• Budding/sexual reproduction

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Polyp stage
Medusa stage

• Cnidaria
• Corals, Jellyfish, Sea Anemones

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• Cnidarians have a gastrovascular cavity and
  cnidocytes on tentacles that sting prey

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PHYLUM ROTIFERA

• Very small size and mostly soft bodies
• Microscopic, mostly aquatic-found in many
  freshwater and moist soil
• Complete digestive tract with mouth and anus
• Body cavities that are partially lined by
  mesoderm- coelomates.
• Crown of cilia around the mouth of the rotifer
  that makes them appear to whirl like a wheel
• Tiny mouths primarily omnivorous, unicellular
  algae and other phytoplankton
• Sexual reproduction

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Phylum Rotifera
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Phylum Platyhelminthes

• Flatworms (tapeworms, Planaria)
• 3 cell layers- Acoelomates
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• No respiratory or circulatory systems
  gastrovascular cavity and organized response
  mechanisms
• Thin flat bodies absorb oxygen and release CO2
  and wasted directly in the surrounding water.
• Reproduce by splitting in 2
• Some parasitic, they live in the digestive
  systems of other animals.

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• A planarian has a gastrovascular cavity and a
  simple ner vous system

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• Flukes and tapeworms are parasitic flatworms

Figure 18.7B
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Phylum Nematoda

• Roundworms
• Less than 1 mm long Live in soil and water.
• Sexual reproduction- male sperm/female egg
• Some are decomposers, others are parasites of
  animals or plants
• Pseudocoelom complete digestive system
• Pinworms and hookworms in soil burrow into the
  skin of people who go barefoot outdoors Trichina
  worms infest people who eat undercooked pork or
  wild game. (cause Elephantitis- swelling of
  appendages due to blocking of fluid movement in
  blood vessels by worms)

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Phylum Nematoda
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Phylum Annelida

• Earthworms, leeches- segmented worms
• Each segment is separated from the next by a
  membrane
• Closed circulatory system with blood vessels that
  run the length of the animal.
• Has a complete excretory and digestive system
  where food travels through in one direction from
  anterior to posterior.
• Branches of the main nerves and clusters of nerve
  cells at the anterior end serves as a simple
  brain.
• Live in water or damp soil Bilateral sym
• Reproduction occurs by splitting or by mutual
  fertilization (hermaphrodites)

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• Ear thworms and Their Relatives
• Eat their way through soil
• Have a closed circulatory system

Figure 18.10A
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Phylum Annelida (cont.)

• Leeches were once used to suck out peoples
  excess blood and reduce harmful high blood
  pressure
• Leeches are uses today to produce
  anti-blood-clotting medicines, to suck blood from
  bruises, and to stimulate blood circulation in
  severed limbs that have been surgically
  reattached..

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Phylum Mollusca

• Includes snails, clams, slugs, squid, and their
  relatives.
• Bilateral sym. coelomates
• Radula- scrapes up food complete digestive tract
• Separate sexes sexual reprod.
• Mollusks have soft bodies with 3 parts
• A visceral mass that contains most of the organs
• A muscular foot that is used in movement
• A thick flap called a mantle, which covers the
  body and in most species produces a heavy shell
  of calcium compounds.

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Phylum Mollusca (cont.)

• Mollusks pump water through gills- both for
  oxygen and food for clams and oysters.
• Squid and octopi use the pump for jet propulsion
  through the water in search of prey.

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Phylum Mollusca
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• Diverse mollusks are variations on a common body
  plan
• All mollusks have a muscular foot and a mantle,
  which may secrete a shell that encloses the
  visceral mass
• Many mollusks feed with a rasping radula

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• Gastropods
• The largest group of mollusks and include the
  snails and slugs

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• Bivalves
• Have shells divided into 2 halves and include
  clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops

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• Cephalopods
• Adapted to be agile predators and
• include squids and octopi