Road to Secession

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Road to Secession

• Events leading to Civil War

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Study Guide Identifications

• Sectionalism, 1820-1860
• Compromise of 1850
• Fugitive Slave Act 1850
• Ostend Manifesto, 1854
• Kansas Nebraska Act, 1854
• Bleeding Kansas, 1855-1856
• Know Nothings, 1854
• Dred Scott, 1857
• John Brown, 1859
• Election of 1860

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Study Guide Questions

• What are the major events that led to civil war?
• What debate was renewed with the acquisition of
  California Territory and its application for
  statehood?
• What major divisions existed in American Society?
• What is Zinns argument concerning the events
  that led the United States to wage a civil war?

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Politics of Sectionalism, 1820-1860

• To exclude slavery from the western territories
  was exclude white southerners from pursuing their
  vision of American dream
• North politicians argued that exclusion preserved
  equality of all white men and women to live and
  work with out competition from slavery labor or
  rule by despotic slaveholders.

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• Debate over National Slavery renewed

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The Compromise of 1850
North Gets South Gets
California admitted as a free state No slavery restrictions in Utah or New Mexico territories
Slave trade prohibited in Washington D.C. Slaveholding permitted in Washington D.C.
Texas loses boundary dispute with New Mexico Texas gets 10 million
Fugitive Slave Law
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Fugitive Slave Act 1850

• Reinforced their right to seize and return to
  bondage slaves who had fled to free territory

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Fugitive Slave Act, 1850

• Response to the fugitive slave act
• Slave catches and planters enslaved free blacks,
  polarized north and south further
• Galvanized popular opinion against slavery
  further

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Ostend Manifesto, 1854
American minister to England James Buchanan,
minister to Spain Pierre Soule, and John Y.
Mason, minister to France,
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Kansas Nebraska Act, 1854Bleeding Kansas
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Bleeding Kansas 1855-1856
Titus and pro-slavery forces on their way to
attack Lawrence
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Demise of the Whig PartyPolitical Realignment
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Know Nothings, 1854

• Political Realignment
• Know Nothings
• Mostly former Whigs
• Anti immigrant
• Extend naturalization from 1 to 21 years
• Anti- Catholic
• Legislation barring them from public office
• Nativist
• New Republican Party
• Anti-slavery conscious Whigs Democrats
• Most Important political force
• Democrats
• Pro-slavery, southern sectional party

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Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

• Chief Justice Taney
• black people, not citizens, could not sue
• framers of the constitution never intended
  citizenship for slaves
• slaves being of an inferior order they had not
  rights which the white man was bound to respect

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• John L. Magee, Forcing Slavery Down the Throat of
  a Freesoiler, 1856-1858.

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John Brown

• 1859 Raid against federal arsenal
• Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
• Trained his rebels took the arsenal
• Hoped to spark a slave revolt
• Captures and Hung for treason

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John Brown

• I believe that to have interfered as I have
  donin behalf of despised poor is no wrong, but
  right. Now if it is deemed necessary that I
  should forfeit my life for the furtherance of the
  ends of justice and mingle my blood further with
  the blood of my children and with the blood of
  millions in this slave country whose rights are
  disregarded by wicked, cruel and unjust
  enactments I say let it be done.

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Election of 1860

• Democratic Party Split
• Nominated Stephen Douglas
• Former Whigs Constitutional Union Party
• Nominated John Bell
• Republicans
• nominated Lincoln

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