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WWII EUROPE / PACIFIC

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WWII EUROPE / PACIFIC ... US/FDR DID NOT KNOW JAPANESE AIRCRAFT CARRIER LEFT NOV 26TH 1941 FOR PEARL ... single military engagement 3500 lives / 6 battleships ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: WWII EUROPE / PACIFIC


1
WWII EUROPE / PACIFIC
2
EUROPE
  • Germany begins taking control of Europe by 1938
    (Austria)
  • MAGINOT LINE
  • French Forces (and British) sit behind
    Maginot Line (border with Germany which was 350
    miles of tunnels, concrete forts, anti-tank
    fields
  • French newspapers spoke of phony war and no
    actual aggression by Germany

3
Blitzkrieg
  • Hitler introduces new war technique in 1930s to
    gain quick control of European countries
  • LIGHTNING WAR
  • Attack with lightning speed using airplanes,
    tanks, trucks, motorcycles in order to overwhelm
    outdated defense techniques
  • (Maginot Line defense similar to WWI)

4
US Neutrality
  • US is neutral but begins to rearm
  • and prepare Allies for war by
  • late 1930s
  • FDR orders 50,000 planes per year for
  • war effort by the end of the 1930s

Aiding British Following 1940 election, FDR
knows Britains needs but limited by Neutrality
Acts of 1930s
5
FDR SOLUTION FOR NEUTRALITYAND US ISOLATIONISM
  • LEND / LEASE ACT
  • US would lend/lease war supplies to any
    country whose defense the President considered
    vital to US defense gave FDR power to provide
    Allies weapons to fight against Germany

6
HITLERS CRITICAL WWII ERROR
  • In June 1941 Hitler orders attack on Russia after
    breaking treaty with Stalin over Poland
  • ERROR Hitler believed all battlegrounds the
    same but 10-15 miles from Moscow, Russia the
    winter hits full force and Germany
    Blitzkrieg/operations paralyzed

7
European Front during WWII
  • Britain basically alone vs Germany at beginning
    of WWII
  • France defeated/captured quickly by Germans
  • ULTRA name for the stolen messages still could
    not prevent horrible destruction to Britain and
    physical landscape of country

Britain is bombed relentlessly by Germans but
survives - main reason is RADAR (Radio
Detecting and Ranging) which allowed Britain to
know when most attacks occurring and where
Brits went underground
8
PACIFIC WAR
  • Japan brought war to the US
  • Japan wanted to control economic future of FAR
    EAST and resented US influence in the area since
    the turn of the century
  • China was focus of negotiations in 1930s but
    Japan would not withdraw and US placed embargo on
    all trade with Japan
  • (similar to Europe/Germany US tried
    negotiations and economic penalties to try and
    stop Japan from empire building)

9
PACIFIC WAR
  • Japans choices
  • 1) continue to expand empire by going to war
  • 2) give up dreams of Far East control
  • 3) negotiate with US and find an agreement
  • - MORE WARLIKE, AGGRESSIVE GOVT
  • CAME TO POWER IN JAPAN - General Tojo
  • becomes Prime Minister
  • US had intercepted / decoded Japanese messages
    and
  • knew there would be an attack
  • US/FDR DID NOT KNOW JAPANESE AIRCRAFT CARRIER
  • LEFT NOV 26TH 1941 FOR PEARL HARBOR

10
A DAY WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY
December 7th, 1941
  • Pearl Harbor crippled American naval forces and
    in a matter of minutes, US had worst loss ever in
    single military engagement
  • 3500 lives / 6 battleships destroyed
  • numerous auxiliary vessels also
  • PEAK OF ANTI-JAPANESE FEELINGS IN US AND HELPS
    LEAD TO INTERNMENT CAMPS IN WESTERN US OF
    JAPANESE-AMERICAN CITIZENS

11
WWII TURNAROUNDS
  • US enters WWII and Allies agree first goal is to
    defeat Germans in Europe
  • Atlantic War being lost to Wolf Packs which
    were groups of German subs attacking Allied
    supply ships
  • May 1942 120 ships sunk
  • If wolf packs not stopped, Allies without
    food/weapons and war in jeopardy

12
Allies First Offensive Maneuvers
  • SONAR developed to detect subs
  • (Sound Navigation Ranging)
  • Allies first offensives in North Africa where
  • German/Italian forces commanded by
  • Rommell (Desert Fox)
  • Germans were a threat to Suez Canal and Middle
  • East resources and colonies
  • US/British forces combine to defeat Rommell

13
Midway and Pacific
  • The decision to focus on Germany allowed Japan to
    have early success in Pacific
  • Battle which shifted power/momentum was Battle of
    Midway. Japan planned attack on Midway but
    increased intelligence efforts led to US waiting
    and sank 4 Japanese ships
  • First major defeat for Japan in WWII

14
Guadacanal
  • Defeat which slowed Japanese momentum was
    Guadacanal
  • Japan prepared to take New Guinea and establish
    airbase
  • Operation Shoestring had 20,000 marines land in
    area and despite losing 4 of 5 supply ships, US
    Marines defeated Japanese in jungle conditions

15
Battle of Iwo Jima
  • Iwo Jima one of bloodiest battles of WWII
  • 70 day battle as US dropped 7,000 tons of
    bombs on Japanese defenders of island
  • Marines stormed beaches and encountered
  • tremendous resistance from Japanese
  • 110, 000 Marines vs 25,000 Japanese
  • Americans suffered 25,000 casualties
  • Marines raised flag as island captured
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