Drug%20Unit

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Drug Unit

• Drug- any chemical substance that alters either
  the mind or the body.
• Why do people use drugs?
• Peer pressure
• To rebel
• To relax
• Escape from reality
• Medical Reasons
• What are the 4 general patterns of drug users?
• THE EXPERIMENTER- wanted to try it
• REGULAR USER- take to have fun at social
  gatherings
• PREOCCUPIED USER- psychologically depend on it
• THE ADDICT- psychologically and physically depend
  on it

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Trends with Teen Drug Use
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Drug Use Ages 12
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Dangers of Substance Abuse

• Side effects can range from minor to deadly
  (reactions to use of drug)
• Synergistic effects- the interaction of 2 or more
  drugs/medicines that results in a greater effect
  than when the drugs are taken independently
• Over dose- a strong or even fatal reaction to
  taking a large amount of a drug
• Added risks for contracting diseases (sharing
  contaminated needles)
• Added risks for unwanted sexual encounters, STDS,
  or pregnancies
• Negatively affect performance in school, sports,
  and relationships
• Impairs individual from reaching short and long
  term goals
• Affects individuals physical, mental, and social
  health
• Trouble with the law
• Can harm a developing fetus

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Basic Terms related to Drugs

• Substance Abuse- any unnecessary or improper use
  of a chemical substance for non medical purposes
• Medicine Misuse- using medicine in ways other
  than intended
• Illicit Drug Use- the use or sale of any
  substances that are illegal or otherwise not
  permitted
• Gateway Drugs- drugs that often lead to other
  serious and dangerous drug use
• Synthetic Drugs- chemical substances produced
  artificially in a laboratory
• Tolerance- needing more of a substance to get the
  same effects

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Drug Terms/Vocabulary

• Physiological Dependence- the bodys physical
  need for a drug
• Withdrawal- results when a person is
  physiologically dependent on drug and stops using
  the substance
• Psychological Dependence- person believes they
  need the drug to function
• Addiction- involves physiological and
  psychological dependence on a drug
• Psychoactive Drugs- Chemicals that affect the
  CNS and interfere with the normal functioning of
  the brain
• Euphoria- a feeling of intense welling being or
  elation that may be followed by a crash or
  letdown

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Six different categories of Drugs

• 1. Prescription drug- any type of drug prescribed
  by a doctor (cannot be used safely without the
  written approval of a licensed physician)
• ANTIBIOTICS- fights infection
• ANTI-INFLAMMATORY- helps rid injured area of bad
  blood and waste
• PAIN RELIEVERS- helps in coping with pain after
  surgery
• 2. OTC or OVER THE COUNTER DRUGS- any type of
  drug sold in a store with a prescription from a
  doctor
• 3. RECREATIONAL DRUGS- any type of drug not
  illegal
• Alcohol
• Tobacco
• Coffee
• 4. HERBAL PREPARATIONS- anything natural that
  is not illegal
• Herbal Tea
• Seaweed wrap

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Categories of Drugs

• 5. ILLEGAL DRUGS (Street Drugs)- any type of drug
  man made or natural that is illegal to make, buy,
  grow or possess
• cocaine
• marijuana
• Ecstasy
• 6. COMMERCIAL TYPE DRUGS- anything used to get
  high with (are legal for intended use)
• cleaning products- paint removers
• glue
• Ether
• Inhalants- are substances whose fumes are
  sniffed and inhaled to give a hallucinogenic
  effect
• Inhalants such as nitrites and nitrous oxide
  have medical uses, but many are not designed to
  be taken into the body

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Drug Schedules- The Controlled Substance Act

• - Classifies medicines for use in the United
  States into
• categories/schedules according to their use and
  potential for
• Abuse
• Schedule 1 Illegal and Not Prescribed High
  potential of abuse and addiction and NO type of
  medical use.
• (Example ACID, Heroin, Ecstasy)
• Schedule 2 Written Prescription Required- High
  potential of abuse and addiction and a restricted
  medical use.
• (Example Nitrous Oxide, Morphine)
• Schedule 3 Some potential of abuse and
  addiction with specific medical use. (Example
  inhalers-asthma)
• Schedule 4 Lower potential of abuse and
  addiction, wider range of medical use. (Example
  Aspirin)
• Schedule 5 Lowest potential of abuse and
  addiction, everyday medical use. (Example
  Vitamin)

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What are 5 ways of drug administration?

• Orally- taken by mouth/swallowed
• Injection- intravenous
• Inhalation- lungs/inhaled
• Absorption- skin
• Suppositories- rectal walls
• Presentations will be done on the following
• Depressants---Stimulants---Marijuana
• Hallucinogens---Club Drugs
• Narcotics---Inhalants---Anabolic Steroids

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TREATMENT TERMINOLOGY

• Intervention- When someone who cares for the
  alcoholic/addict makes a healthy decision to
  introduce the process of recovery to the sick
  person. It is when one steps into the
  addict/alcoholics path and tries to veer their
  direction to a healthier one. If taken in he
  right direction, one may find that a new life has
  just begun.
• Recovery- A lifelong process of change to abstain
  from alcohol/drug usage. A character building
  process which increases the chance of staying
  clean and sober.
• Relapse- To fall back into the former state of
  drinking or using once treatment or recovery has
  begun. The act of going back to old behavior or
  regressing from sobriety.
• Sober Living- A semi-structured residential
  setting of alcoholics/addicts who have completed
  treatment and need continued support for up to a
  year.
• Sobriety- Abstinence from consumption of alcohol
  or drugs.

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Treatment

• Detoxification- first step in treatment- cleans
  body of the drug (drying out)removal of drugs
  from the body
• Maintenance programs- medically supervised
  doses. (helps withdrawal)
• Drug Free Programs- group therapy
• 1. Independent
• 2. Hospitals
• 3. Community Health Centers
• Inpatient Programs- medical and psychological
  care during which a person stays at a medical or
  rehab facility
• Outpatient treatment- onsite medical an
  psychological care for a person to be drug-free
  and/or alcohol free
• Prevention- answer to abuse- DONT START
• Practice Abstinence- To refrain from the usage of
  chemicals for which a person may have become
  addicted.

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Support Groups related to Drug Use

• Families Anonymous- A 12-step, self-help recovery
  and fellowship of support groups for relatives
  and friends of those who have alcohol, drug or
  behavioral problems. They share their like
  experiences, strengths and hope with each other
  and with new members.
• Narcotics Anonymous- A self-help organization of
  individuals who have a dependence on drugs and
  want to commit to a life of abstinence. One
  addict helping another to achieve the same goal
  goes a long way and could save someones life.
• Cocaine Anonymous- is a fellowship of men and
  women who share their experience, strength and
  hope with each other that they may solve their
  common problem and help others to recover from
  their addiction.
• OTHERS
• All Addictions Anonymous (alladdictionsanonymous.c
  om)
• CrystalMeth Anonymous (CMA) (crystalmeth.org)
• Marijuana Anonymous World Services
  (marijuana-anonymous.org)
• Methadone Anonymous Support (MethadoneSupport.org)
  Recoveries Anonymous (r-a.org)

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STIMULANTS

• CNS Stimulants- Drugs that increase certain
  functions of the central nervous system. Users
  become more alert, active and nervous.
• Amphetamines- (bennies, uppers, and speed)
  reduces appetite, combats fatigue and prevents
  drowsiness
• Methamphetamines-(crank, speed, ice) used
  medically to treat certain diseases such as
  Parkinsons or obesity
• Is highly addictive
• Cocaine- (snow, coke, and nose candy) gives a
  sense of invincibility and is highly addictive
• 1. White powder extracted from the coca bush
  that grows in mountainous region of South America
• 2. Crack cocaine is a concentrated, purer form
  of cocaine that can be smoked (reaches brain in
  7-10 seconds)

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DEPRESSANTS

• CNS Depressants (Sedatives)- Drugs that reduce
  the action of the heart, central nervous
  system, and skeletal muscles
• a. Barbiturates- (blue birds, downers, and
  goofballs) effects are similar to excessive use
  of alcohol
• b. Tranquilizers- quieting or calming effect
• c. Methaqualone- (ludes, quaaludes and 714s)
  relieves anxiety mello out

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MARIJUANA

• Marijuana- (grass, ganja, Mary Jane, pot, weed)
• Most widely abused illegal drug in this country
• Can lead to amotivational syndrome Loss of
  ambition drive
• a. EFFECTS distorts time and judgment, impairs
  learning ability and sports performance, causes
  hallucinations, and reduces blood sugar which
  causes hunger
• b. The leaves, buds, and flowers of plant are
  smoked, chewed, or eaten for their intoxicating
  effects
• c. Marijuana contains 421 different chemicals
• THC
• (delta-9-therahydrocannabinol)
• The main mind altering ingredient
• Stored in fatty tissue (can remain for weeks)
• Hash (dark brown resin from tops of Cannabis
  plants) contains more THC

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HALLUCINOGENS

• Psychedelics\Hallucinogens
• physical sensations of time and space are altered
  fact and
• fantasy are confused. (have NO medical use)
• a. L.S.D. trips last 8 to 10 hours of
  confusion, anxiety, depression, and loss of
  reality from days to months. Can cause
  flashbacks.
• b. P.C.P. (angel dust) effects are
  unpredictable drunkenness, depression,
  paranoia, violent rages,
• coma, and/or death.
• c. Mescaline and Psilocybin- hallucinogenic
  drugs made in the tissues of plants

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CLUB DRUGS

• Club Drugs
• Usually have severe side effects, brain damage,
  paralysis, death are associated with dance
  clubs and all night parties
• Commonly abused club drugs are ecstasy, rohypnol,
  ghb, and ketamine.
• -Meant to imitate the effects of hallucinogens
  or other drugs
• Ecstasy or MDMA- illegal drug that is a
  stimulant and a hallucinogen. Not a safe drug.
  Affects on brain are still unclear. Can cause
  sharp rise in body temp, followed by failure of
  heart and organs, and even death.
• Rohypnol- depresses CNS- colorless, odorless,
  and tasteless- known as date-rape-drug- Can be
  deadly when mixed with alcohol and other drugs.
• GHB- depress CNS and can be used by sexual
  predators to sedate victims

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NARCOTICS

• Narcotics (Opiates) strong painkillers that
  produce a relaxed, dreamy state. They are derived
  from the opium plant. They are highly addictive.
• a. Codeine- the least potent narcotic, is
  prescribed for mild pain relief
• 1. Cough medicine
• 2. Tylenol 3
• b. Opium- stronger than codeine, may be
  prescribed to relieve pain and control diarrhea.
• 1. A milky fluid found in the seeds
  of the opium poppy
• c. Morphine- more potent than opium and is one of
  the strongest painkillers known. Because it is so
  addictive, its medical use is strictly limited by
  law. Common uses include major surgery and cancer
  patients.
• d. Heroin- is a white powder made from morphine.
  It is also more potent and faster acting than
  morphine. It is prohibited from medical use in
  the U.S.
• Most abused narcotic in US.
• e. Oxycodone- an especially strong, time
  released painkiller prescribed for severe pain.

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Inhalants

• Street Names Rush, Poppers, ClimaxDescription-
  Inhalants are common household and workplace
  substances that are sniffed or huffed to give the
  user an immediate head rush or high. Found in
  consumer products such as aerosols plastic
  cement, fingernail polish remover, lighter fluid,
  hair spray, insecticides and cleaning solvents.
  Sniffing highly concentrated amounts of the
  chemicals in solvents or aerosol sprays can
  directly induce heart failure and death. High
  concentrations of inhalants also cause death from
  suffocation by displacing oxygen in the lungs and
  then in the central nervous system so that
  breathing stops. People who use inhalants get a
  quick, giddy head rush. They are cheap and or
  readily available making them an easy choice for
  those who use them. Users feel slightly
  stimulated and uninhibited, but within a minute
  or two, a major headache comes on (the first
  indication that this is a bad idea).
  Hallucinations and numb hands and feet are often
  part of the package. Suffocation and sudden death
  can occur even on the first time.

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Anabolic Steroids

• Anabolic steroids are man-made substances related
  to male sex hormones. Medical uses of anabolic
  steroids include some hormone problems in men,
  late puberty and muscle loss from some diseases.
• Bodybuilders and athletes often use anabolic
  steroids to build muscles and improve athletic
  performance. But using them this way is not legal
  or safe. Abuse of anabolic steroids has been
  linked with many health problems. They range from
  unattractive to life threatening and include
• Acne and cysts
• Breast growth and shrinking of testicles in men
• Voice deepening and growth of body hair in women
• Heart problems, including heart attack
• Liver disease, including cancer
• Aggressive behavior