U.S. History Unit 5:

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• U.S. History Unit 5
• The Beginning of the Cold War
• 1945-1960
• THE BIG IDEA
• After WWII, the U.S. strongly opposed communism
  around the world and here at home. This
  opposition led to fear and war.

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• I. What was it about?
• A. USSR vs. U.S. - 45 yr war of words
• 1. Democracy (D) vs. Communism (C)

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• B. How are D and C different?
• 1. Economy
• a) D all have a chance to succeed or
  fail (capitalism)
• b) D laissez-faire
• c) C-- govt controlled economy d) C
  protects all from failure
• e) C the goal a CLASSLESS society
• f) C profit, competition rejected

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• 2. Government
• a) D - reps elected
• b) C - dictator rules w/ iron fist
• c) D rights assured to all people
• d) C - virtually no freedoms

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• A. WWII U.S. USSR allies
• 1. U.S., USSR reasons for WWII
• a) U.S.-- for freedom D
• b) USSR -- for protection
• 2. USSR -- upset w/ the U.S.s WWII
  unilateral decision making
• a) help Fr first
• b) atomic bomb

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• II. How did the Cold War start?
• A. 1945 - What to do with Germany?
• 1. G divided into 4 zones
• a) US, Fr, Br, and USSR
• 2. Berlin divided same way

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• B. The Berlin Airlift
• 1. 1948 - USSR blocks traffic into W. Berlin
• 2. U.S. planes dropped 400,000 tons of
  supplies into W. Berlin
• 3. 1949 USSR ends blockade

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The Berlin Airlift
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• C. 1946 - Iron Curtain Divides Europe
• 1. USSR wanted protection
• 2. influenced neighboring countries to become
  communist

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• D. Churchills Iron Curtain speech
• A shadow has fallen upon the scenes lighted by
  the Allied victory.
• Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its
  communists intend
• to do in the future or what are the limits, if
  any to their explosive
• tendencies. I believe an iron curtain has
  descended across Europe.
• Winston Churchill, 1946

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• III. The Truman Doctrine Containment
• A. Goal Stop the spread of communism
• I believe that it must be the policy of the U.S.
  to support freedom. I believe that our help
  should be primarily through economic aid which
  can help bring stability and order. President
  Truman, 1947
• 1. The Marshall Plan
• a) 13.4 billion to 17 European countries
  rebuilding after WWII
• b) much to Greece, Turkey
• The United States contributed
  341,000,000,000 toward winning World War II.
  This is an investment in world freedom and world
  peace. The assistance that I am recommending
  for Greece and Turkey amounts to little more
  than 1 tenth of 1 per cent of this investment.
  It is only common sense that we should safeguard
  this investment and make sure that it was not
  in vain.
• President Truman, 1947

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• The Bush Doctrine Offense
• Contain the enemy or attack the enemy?
• For much of the last century, Americas defense
  relied on President Trumans Doctrine of
  containment. In some cases those strategies
  still apply. But new threats require new
  thinking. Containment means nothing against
  shadowy terrorist networks with no nation or
  citizens to defend. Containment is not possible
  when dictators with weapons of mass destruction
  can secretly deliver those weapons to their
  terrorist allies.
• George W. Bush, 2002

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• B. The Korean War
• 1. Korea controlled by J in WWII
• 2. 1946 - divided at 38th parallel
• 3. N.Korea- USSR (C)
• 4. S.Korea- U.S. (D)

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1. 1949 China becomes C
2. 1950 N.Korea invades S.Korea
3. Truman asks for UN support of S.Korea
4. UN peacekeepers, pushed to Pusan Perimeter

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• 9. US troops led by U.S. Gen. Douglas MacArthur,
  land at Inchon, push N.Korea back to 38th
  parallel
• 10. China helping the North?
• 11. MacArthur - advance into China
• 12. 1951 - Truman fires MacArthur

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• 13.Truman orders retreat from N. Korea
• 14.1953 armistice signed
• 15. 38th parallel still divides Korea
• 16. 37,000 U.S. deaths
• 17. Lesson learned limited war containment of
  enemy

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The Korean War Memorial, Washington DC
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• The Cold War in the U.S.
• A. Fear of C
• 1. Congress not soft on C!
• a) 1947 - House Un-American Activities
  Committee (HUAC)
• 1) targeted C in Hollywood
• 2) 10 jailed for refusing to testify
  Hollywood 10
• 3) Hollywood movies became controlled,
  diluted

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• 2. The Joseph McCarthy Era (1952-54)
• a) ran as tough on C
• b) claimed he had a list of 205 C in U.S.
  govt
• c) blamed Sen. George Marshall for China
  becoming C
• d) lots of Newspapers sold!
• e) other Congressmen joined McCarthy

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• 3. McCarthys Fall
• a) Edward R. Murrow, journalist
• b) Army Hearings
• McCarthy says Army lawyer is a C
• Until this moment Senator McCarthy, I think I
  never really gauged your cruelty or your
  recklessness. I like to think that I am a
  gentleman, but your forgiveness will have to come
  from someone other than me. You have done
  enough. Have you non sense of decency sir? Have
  you no sense of decency?
• Joseph Welch, Army Lawyer
• c) McCarthy slowly loses credibility
• 4. McCarthys Impact
• a) fear of C grew
• b) silenced critics of govt
• c) controlled thought

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http//www.youtube.com/watch?vX_uTbVfDtgI
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• U.S. History Unit 6
• The Cold War and Kennedy
• 1960-1963
• THE BIG IDEA
• John F. Kennedys presidency was inspiring to
  many and the Cold War took a tense turn for the
  worse.

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• I. The Cold War Around the World
• A. Nuclear Arms Race begins
• 1. 1948 USSR has nuclear weapons
• 2. 1954 - Hydrogen bomb tested
• B. 1957 - USSR Launches Sputnik
• 1.USSR wins the space race
• 2. Americans panic
• 3. Pres. Eisenhower NASA and Sci Ed funding

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• C. 1960 - Kennedy Elected President 1. JFK
  narrowly defeats Nixon
• a) Camelot
• - JFK Jackie are stylish, classy,
  prince princess
• b) JFK promises to send man to the
  moon
• - space exploration begins, moon
  landing in 1969

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• D. 1961 -The Bay of Pigs Fiasco
• 1. JFK and CIA plan to assassinate Fidel
  Castro (C leader
• of Cuba)
• 2. Attempt fails - Castros
• military defends him
• 3. JFK, CIA, U.S. embarrassed

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• Duck and Cover!
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v-UVH8YRXsqo

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• The Berlin Crisis
• 1. 1961 200,000 E. Germans escaped from E.
  Germany to W. Berlin
• 2. Aug 13 1961 Berlin wall is built around W.
  Berlin
• A wall is a lot better than a war. John F.
  Kennedy
• 3. Kennedy pledges support of W. Berlin

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• There are many people in the world who really
  dont understandthe great issue between the free
  world and the communist world. Let them come to
  Berlin. There are some who say that communism is
  the wave of the future. Let them come to Berlin.
  And there are some who say in Europe and
  elsewhere we can work with the communists. Let
  them come to Berlin.
• John F. Kennedy
• I am a Berliner Speech
• June 26, 1963

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• F. The Cuban Missile Crisis
• 1. 1962 - U.S. spy photos USSR
• nuclear missiles in Cuba,
• Khrushchev confirms
• 2. JFK - naval blockade of Cuba
• 3. USSR and U.S. ships meet at Cuban
  blockade line
• 4. Attorney Gen. Bobby Kennedy meets w/ USSR
  ambassador
• 5. Agreement Reached
• a) USSR will remove missiles if
• b) U.S. will stay out of Cuba, and remove
  missiles in Turkey
• c) USSR cannot publicize agreement

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• Effects of the Cuban Missile Crisis
• a) closest ever to nuclear war
• b) US/USSR hotline
• c) US/USSR/Br sign Limited Nuclear Test Ban
  Treaty ends nuclear testing

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• F. JFK is Assassinated
• 1. Nov 22, 1963 JFK makes campaign trip to
  Dallas, TX
• 2. Warren Commission Lee Harvey Oswald,
  lone assassin
• 3. Pres. Lyndon B. Johnson
• 4. Oswald shot 2 days
• later by Jack Ruby
• 5. JFKs funeral live
• on television

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U.S. History Unit 9The End of the Cold War to
Today1975-2009

• The Big Idea
• With the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the Cold
  War ended and the U.S. was seen as the worlds
  lone superpower. But on September 11, 2001
  terrorists struck the U.S. bringing new fear and
  war.

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• I. 1976 - President Jimmy Carter
• A. Cold War calm but still exists
• B. Troubles with Iran
• 1. Iranian Islamic Revolution
• a) Iran becomes isolated
• b) cuts off oil exports
• c) Gas prices in U.S. U.S. economy
• d) American Embassy in Iran under attack
• e) 52 US hostages taken
• f) Carter unable to solve crisis
• g) Carter very unpopular

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• II. 1980 - President Ronald Reagan
  Conservative
• A. Reagan - Very Popular President
• 1. The Great Communicator
• 2. Reaganomics
• a) Cut Taxes mostly for wealthy
• b) trickle-down theory

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• III. Reagans Plan to End the Cold War
• A. 1984 Pres. Reagan is re-elected
• 1) Largest landslide victory in U.S. history
• B. 1984 -- Olympics
• 1) Los Angeles host boycotted by USSR

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• C. Late 1980s -- U.S. Winning the Cold War
• 1) USSR economy , U.S. economy
• 2) Pres. Reagans military spending
• a) 1980 150 billion
• b) 1988 300 billion
• USSR couldnt keep up w/spending
• U.S. fell into debt
• a)1980 80 billion in debt
• b)1990 220 billion

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• D. Reagan and USSR Leader Mikhail Gorbachev
• 1) First positive relations b/t USSR and U.S.
  leaders
• 2) Gorbachev agrees to allow some freedom
• a) glasnost some political freedom
• b) perestroika some economic freedom

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• IV. 1988 Pres. George H.W. Bush - the Fall of
  USSR
• A. Communism falls across E.Europe
• 1) 1989 Poland, Czech, Romania, etc rebel,
  democratic hold elections
• Leader of E. Ger allows E. Berliners to move to
  W. Berlin
• 3) Berlin Wall is torn down
• 1990 E and W Ger unify dem govt
• 5) 1991 USSR Republics hold elections, become
  independent
• USSR no longer exists
• Cold War Ends

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• 1991 - Pres. H.W. Bush Persian Gulf War
• A. Iraq attacks Kuwait
• B. Operation Desert Storm
• 1. Goal to remove Iraq from Kuwait
• 2. total casualties U.S. 148, Iraq 20,000

Saddam Hussein
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• VI. 1992 Pres. Bill Clinton Success and
  Scandal
• A. Pax Americana peace and prosperity
• 1. Thriving Economy
• 2. Balanced U.S. Budget
• 3. Stock Market Success

STOCK MARKET
FEDERAL DEFICIT
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• B. Pres Clinton Impeachment Scandal
• 1) 1998 Clinton impeached by Congress
  for lying under oath, obstruction of justice
• 2) intense polarization and partisanship
• 3) not forced out of office

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The Clinton Legacy
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• VII. 2000 Presidential Election
• A. George W. Bush vs. Al Gore
• 1. Gore wins popular vote
• 2. Florida is disputed
• 3. Supreme Ct - Bush wins Florida by 537
  votes
• 4. Bush wins electoral vote

Electoral Vote Popular Vote Bush 271 50,456,169
Gore 266 50,996,116
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VIII. The War in Iraq

• A. How did it start?
• 1. September 11, 2001 fear
• a) The War on Terrorism begins
• b) War in Afghanistan Taliban provided
  safe harbor for Al-Queda Osama Bin Laden
• c) Iraq is suspicious
• - possible Weapons of Mass Destruction
  (WMDs) in Iraq?
• - are the United Nations WMD
  inspections in Iraq reliable?
• - Saddam Hussein cant be trusted

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• 2. 2003 The war begins
• a) Shock and Awe
• b) Dec 2003 -- Saddam Hussein captured like a
  rat in a hole
• 3. April 2004 - Mission Accomplished
• a) Except - No WMDs? No stable govt?

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• 4. Mission Accomplished?
• a) Civil War
• 1. Iraqs Islamic Ethnic Groups fighting for
  control of country
• - The Triangle of Death
• - Sunnis, Shiites, Kurds
• - Sunnis had the power under Saddam
• - Shiites want the power now
• 2. Guerilla Warfare, IEDs
• b) Iraqs new democracy struggled to provide
  order and security
• c) Iraqi soldiers targeted, uncommitted

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• d) Increased American Frustration
• Still no WMDs?
• Americans Killed 4,279
• http//www.npr.org/news/specials/tollofwar/tollofw
  armain.html
• - Abu-Ghraib Prison Torture Scandal
• Bushs approval ratingunder 30
• New Plan Troop surge to secure Baghdad
• e) What about other threats?
• -- Iran? North Korea? Venezuela?

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in Iran
Kim Jong Il in North Korea
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• f) When will it end?
• - When Iraqi govt achieves democratic
  stability without the need for U.S. troops