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Buddhism

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Title: Buddhism


1
Buddhism

"One thing I teach suffering and the end of suffering.It is just ill and the ceasing of ill that I proclaim." -- The Buddha
2
Origins
  • Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama (the
    Buddha) in approximately 520 BCE in Northeast
    India.

3
Origins - Siddhartha Gautama
4
Origins - Siddhartha Gautama
  • Wanting to free his mind of daily concerns,
    Siddhartha began fasting and meditating.
  • Eventually, he came to understand the answers to
    questions he had about human life.

5
Adherents
  • Buddhism is the fourth largest world religion
    with approximately 360 million followers.

6
Adherents
  • People who follow the religion of Buddhism are
    called Buddhists.

7
Views
  • Buddhists do not believe that this world is
    created and ruled by a God.
  • Buddha did not want his followers speculating
    about such matters as God, the nature of the
    universe, and the afterlife.
  • Instead, Buddha urged his followers to focus
    instead on the Four Noble Truths by which they
    can free themselves from suffering.

8
The Four Noble Truths
  • Suffering Exists.

9
The Four Noble Truths
  • Suffering arises from attachment to desires.

10
The Four Noble Truths
  • Suffering ceases when attachment to desire ceases.

11
The Four Noble Truths
  • Freedom from suffering is possible by practicing
    the Eightfold path.

12
The Eightfold Path - Morality
  • Right Speech Speaking in a non hurtful, not
    exaggerated, truthful way.
  • Avoid lies and gossip.

13
The Eightfold Path - Morality
  • Right Action Avoiding harmful actions.
  • Dont steal from or harm others.

14
The Eightfold Path - Morality
  • Right Livelihood - Not harming in any way oneself
    or others directly or indirectly.
  • Reject work that hurts others.

15
The Eightfold Path - Meditation
  • Right Effort Making constant effort to improve
    oneself.
  • Prevent evil and do good.

16
The Eightfold Path - Meditation
  • Right Mindfulness - Mental ability to see things
    for what they are with clear consciousness.
  • Control your feelings and thoughts.

17
The Eightfold Path - Meditation
  • Right Contemplation - Being aware of the present
    reality within oneself, without any craving or
    aversion.
  • Practice meditation.

18
The Eightfold Path - Wisdom
  • Right View - Understanding reality as it is, not
    just as it appears to be.
  • Incline towards goodness and kindness.

19
The Eightfold Path - Wisdom
  • Right Thought - Change in the pattern of
    thinking.
  • Believe in the nature of existence as suffering
    and in the Four Noble Truths.

20
Views
  • However, disbelief in a creator God does not mean
    that Buddhism is atheistic.
  • While Theravada Buddhists are atheistic Mahayana
    Buddhists are more polytheistic.

21
Views
  • In Mahayana Buddhism, the universe is populated
    with celestial buddhas, bodhisattvas, and deities
    that assist and inspire Buddhists.

22
Views
  • With regard to the universe, Buddha taught
    nothing is permanent.
  • The Buddha said of death
  • Life is a journey.Death is a return to
    earth.The universe is like an inn.The passing
    years are like dust.Regard this phantom worldAs
    a star at dawn, a bubble in a stream,A flash of
    lightning in a summer cloud,A flickering lamp -
    a phantom - and a dream.

23
Lifes Purpose
  • In Buddhism, the purpose of life is to end
    suffering.
  • The Buddha taught that humans suffer because we
    continually strive after things that do not give
    lasting happiness.
  • During life, humans should also strive to gain
    enlightenment and release from cycle of rebirth,
    or at least attain a better rebirth by gaining
    merit.

24
Afterlife
  • Buddhists believe people are reincarnated when
    they die.
  • This is different than reincarnation in Hinduism
    because Buddhists do not believe the soul passes
    on to the next body.

25
Afterlife
  • Buddha compared reincarnation to lighting
    successive candles using the flame of the
    preceding candle.
  • Although each flame is causally connected to the
    one that came before it, is it not the same
    flame.
  • Thus, in Buddhism, reincarnation is usually
    referred to as "transmigration."

26
General Practices
  • Meditation
  • Mantras
  • (sacred sounds)
  • devotion to
  • deities
  • (in some sects)
  • mandalas
  • (Tibetan)

27
Holy Text(s)
  • Tripitaka (Pali Canon) - is the earliest
    collection of Buddhist teachings
  • Mahayana sutras (like the Lotus Sutra)
  • Tibetan Book of the Dead - describes in detail
    the stages of death from the Tibetan point of
    view

28
Buddhism Internet Link - Summary
  • Essentials of Buddhism - core concepts
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