Vocabulary Review

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Vocabulary Review

• Homeostasis and
• Cell Transport

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The movement of substances across a cell membrane
without any input of energy
Passive Transport
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The movement of molecules from an area of higher
concentration to an area of lower concentration
Diffusion
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The difference in the concentration of molecules
across a distance
Concentration gradient
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Concentration of molecules is the same throughout
the space the molecules occupy
Equilibrium
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Movement of water molecules from high
concentration to low concentration
Osmosis
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Concentration of solute molecules outside the
cell is LOWER than in the cytosol water diffuses
into the cell
Hypotonic
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Concentration of solute molecules outside the
cell is HIGHER than in the cytosol water
diffuses out of the cell
Hypertonic
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Concentrations of solutes outside and inside the
cell are equal
Isotonic
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Organelles that remove water through contraction
Contractile Vacuoles
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The pressure that water molecules exert against
the cell wall
Turgor pressure
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The shrinking of a cell due to waters moving out
the cell when placed in a hypertonic environment
Plasmolysis
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The swelling and eventual bursting of a cell as
water moves into it when placed in a hypotonic
environment
Cytolysis
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The movement of substances across a cell membrane
with the assistance of protein carriers
Facilitated Diffusion
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The proteins that move certain molecules into the
cell that cannot readily diffuse through the cell
membrane
Carrier Proteins
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A complex of protein molecules in a cell membrane
that form a pore through which ions can pass
Ion Channels
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The movement of chemical substances, usually
across the cell membrane, against a concentration
gradient requires energy
Active Transport
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A carrier protein that uses ATP to actively
transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium
ions into the cell
Sodium-Potassium Pump
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The process by which a cell membrane surrounds a
particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle
to bring the particle into the cell
Endocytosis
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Small cavity or sac that contains materials
forms when part of the membrane surrounds the
materials to be taken into or out of the cell
Vesicle
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A method of active transport across the cell
membrane in which the cell takes in extracellular
fluids
Pinocytosis
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The process by which a cell engulfs large
particles or whole cells, either as a defense
mechanism or as a means to obtain food
Phagocytosis
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A cell that ingests and destroys (digests)
foreign matter or microorganisms
Phagocyte
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The process by which a substance is released from
the cell through a vesicle that transports the
substance to the cell surface and then fuses with
the membrane to let the substance out
Exocytosis