13th Meeting

1
Logic and Critical Thinking as Basis of
Scientific Method and rationalityas well as
Problem solving

• 13th Meeting

2
Science

• Scientia means knowledge
• Science means systematic knowledge
• Exact Science
• Social Science

3
Comparison of Scientific and non sicientific
scientific Non scientific
Based on reasoning Spontaneous and intuitive
Indirect statement Direct statement
Logic habitual
4
Scientific Method

• Scientific Method is a procedure including
  thinking, work pattern, and steps to get and to
  improve knowledge.

5
Explanation

• Explanation is a group of statements or story
  from which the things to be explained. It can
  logically be infered and whose acceptance removes
  or diminishes its problematic or puzzling
  character

6
5 criteria in judging hypothese

1. Relevance
2. Testability
3. Compatibility with previously well established
   hypothesis
4. Predictive or explanotory power
5. simplicity

7
Pattern of scientific investigation

1. Problem
2. Preliminary hypotheses
3. Collecting additional facts
4. Formulating the hypotheses
5. Deducing further consequences
6. Testing the consequences
7. applications

8
Basis for problem solving

• Inductive logic will be very useful to analyze
  the most probable cause of incident
• Deductive logic will be useful for the
  application of theory into the consequence as a
  conclusion

9
Notes before final Exam

• Materials of final Exams are from fallacy to
  Logic as the basis of knowledge and problem
  solving
• Reformulation or translation of argument in
  ordinary language into standard form of
  categorical syllogism in deductive argument
• Usage of agreement method, different method,
  joint method of agreement in cases
• Critical Thinking students are able to make
  critical comments on arguments