Nano-safety in Thailand

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Nano-safety in Thailand Dr.Sirasak
Teparkum Deputy Executive Director National
Nanotechnology Center NSTDA
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Outline

• Whats Nanotechnology?
• Dilemma of Nanotechnology
• National Nanosafety Ethics Strategic
  Plan(2555-2559)
• Nano-labelling (NanoQ)

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Whats Nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology is the understanding and
control of matter at the nanoscale, at dimensions
between approximately 1 and 100 nanometers, where
unique phenomena enable novel applications. Enco
mpassing nanoscale science, engineering, and
technology, nanotechnology involves imaging,
measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at
this length scale. So how small is "nano"? A
nanometer is one billionth of a meter. A sheet of
paper is about 100,000 nanometers thick. And
there are 25,400,000 nanometers in one inch.
NNI http//www.nano.gov/
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Nano is an enabling technology for the future
1 Trillion US of nanoproduct value is expected
by 2015!!!
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Dilemma of Nanotechnology
Utopian dreams
Apocalyptic nightmares
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Factors Affecting Nanosafety
5S Factors involved in toxicity of nanomaterials

• Size
• Surface area
• Surface chemistry
• Solubility
• Shape

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Potential routes of nanomaterial exposure
Inhalation Lung
Ingestion Gastro-intestinal tract
Dermal Skin
Parenteral Blood circulation
Local / systemic adverse effects
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List of Manufactured Nanomaterials (15)

• Fullerenes (C60)
• Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)
• Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)
• Silver nanoparticles
• Iron nanoparticles
• Carbon black

• Titanium dioxide
• Aluminium oxide
• Cerium oxide
• Zinc oxide
• Silicon dioxide
• Polystyrene
• Dendrimers
• Nanoclays
• Gold nanoparticles

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Possible Nanomaterial Adverse Effects
Experimental NM effects Possible pathophysiological outcomes
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation Protein, DNA and membrane injury, oxidative stress
Oxidative stress Phase II enzyme induction, inflammation, mitochondrial perturbation
Mitochondrial perturbation Inner membrane damage, permeability transition (PT) pore opening, energy failure, apoptosis, apo-necrosis, cytotoxicity
Inflammation Tissue infiltration with inflammatory cells, fibrosis, granulomas, acute phase protein expression (e.g., C-reactive protein)
Protein denaturation, degradation Loss of enzyme activity, auto-antigenicity
Uptake by reticulo-endothelial system Asymptomatic sequestration and storage in liver, spleen, lymph nodes, possible organ enlargement and dysfunction
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Possible Nanomaterial Adverse Effects
Experimental NM effects Possible pathophysiological outcomes
Nuclear uptake DNA damage, nucleoprotein clumping, autoantigens
Uptake in neuronal tissue Brain and peripheral nervous system injury
Perturbation of phagocytic function, "particle overload," mediator release Chronic inflammation, fibrosis, glanulomas, interference in clearance of infectious agents
Endothelial dysfunction, effects on blood clotting Atherogenesis, thrombosis, stroke, myocardial infarction
Generation of neoantigens, breakdown in immune tolerance Autoimmunity, adjuvant effects
Altered cell cycle regulation Proliferation, cell cycle arrest, senescence
DNA damage Mutagenesis, metaplasia, carcinogenesis
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Nano-products in Thailand
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Nano-products in Thailand
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Nano-products in Thailand
Pao Silver-nano (night formula) claiming that
it can eliminate bacteria upto 99 and makes
clothes odor-free without sun dry.
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Public Perception of NanoSafety

• Past attempts to promote nanotechnological
  products
• nano-fabric apparel
• nanosilver
• nanocosmetics
• Trailing edge of a nanohype peak
• Awareness of nanosafety in
• limited circles
• Nanosilver-coated traditional Thai outfit
  promoted by the National Innovation Agency in
  honor of H.M. the King in April 2008
• Environment-friendly cloth bags coated with
  90-300 nm TEFLON particles were
• promoted in 2007

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(Nano-)Safety Legal Infrastructure

• The Hazardous Substance Act of 1992
  ????????????????????????? ?.?. 2535
• A nanomaterial need to be assigned to one of 3
  types
• Enhancement and Conservation of National
  Environmental Quality Act of 1992
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?.?.2535
• Setting pollution/emission standards penalty for
  polluters
• The Labour Protection Act of 1998
• ??????????????????????????? ?.?. 2541
• OSHE Committee makes policy recommendations to
  Minister of Labor -gt labor safety regulations

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NanoSafety Institutional Public Sector
Infrastructure

• Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation,
  MOI
• Department of Industrial Works, MOInd
• Department of Disease Control, MOPH
• Department of Medical Sciences, MOPH
• Food Drug Administration, MOPH
• Pollution Control Department, MNRE
• Department of Labour Protection
• Thai Industry Standard Institute, MOInd
• The Thailand Research Fund (TRF)
• NANOTEC, NSTDA

• Chulalongkorn University (CU)
• Private Sector
• Federation of Thai Industries (FTI)
• People Sector
• National Health Commission Office of Thailand
  (NHC) - acting as a central facilitator

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Nanotechnology without good governance and safety
guideline
Public acceptance
Year
Trend of Nanotechnology Acceptance
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Nanotechnology with good governance and safety
guideline.
Public acceptance
Year
Trend of Nanotechnology Acceptance
Sustainable Development is the Key!
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The Seven Principles of Nanosafety Code

• Board accountability
• Stakeholder involvement
• Worker health safety
• Public health, safety environmental risks
• Wider social, environmental, health and ethical
  implications and impacts
• Engaging with business partners
• Transparency and disclosure
• www.responsiblenanocode.org.

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NanoSafety Program
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National Nanosafety Ethics Strategic Plan
Framework
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Thailand has an effective management system of
nanotechnology safety and ethics, with related
sectors operating within 5 years.
Nanoproducts in Thailands market have labels
demonstrating nanomaterials names and safety
information based on scientific evidence.
The public has knowledge, understanding, and
awareness of nanotechnology safety and risk and
are able to select, store, and eliminate
nanoproducts by themselves.
Conduct and manage the information network
Develop and strengthen measures as well as
mechanisms of monitoring and enforcement
Strengthen and promote public engagement
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Nano-measurement Nano-charaterization Service
Lab

• Capabilities
• Physical chemical testing particle size and
  nano-particle distribution analysis (nanosizer/
  Dynamic light scattering)
• Structural surface analysis (AFM/STM/ E-SEM)
• Biological testing MTT toxicity assay,
  anti-bacterial testing (AATCC standard)
• Nanoparticle preparations in powder and emulsion
  form.

AFM
TEM
SEM
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NANOTEC Testing Service Lab Equipment
Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Scanning Electron Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope
High Pressure Homogenizer
Atomic Force Microscope
Antibacterial test
Nanosizer
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Nano Q

• Nano Q is a certified mark for nano products
  which are certified by Nanotechnology Association
  of Thailand.
• Motivation to Have Nano Q
• Increase Public Trust Facilitate healthy
  development of nanotecnology
• Protect Consumer Avoid waste money
• Protect Good Companies Eliminate unfair
  competitions between good and bad products
• Facilitate Trade Stimulate economic growth

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Testing Scopes of Nano Q
Products Test Sample Property Testing Property Testing
Products Test Sample Anti-bacteria Water repellence
Functional Textiles Final products, raw materials (SEM, DLS) AATCC 147, AATCC-100, Contact Angle Spray method
Color and Coating Material Final products, raw materials (SEM, DLS) JIS Z 2801 Contact Angle Spray method
Household Products (i.e. ceramic ,plastic) Final products, raw materials (SEM, DLS) JIS Z 2801 Contact Angle Spray method
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Thank you for your attentions