Myanmar%20Opium%20Survey%202004

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Myanmar Opium Survey 2004
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Opium poppy cultivation in 2004 estimated to have
decreased to 44,200 ha
29 decrease since 2003 66 cumulative decrease
since 1998 and 73 since 1996
-73
US Department of State
GoUM - UNODC
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• The Union of Myanmar
• (former Burma)
• Population 52 million
• GDP / capita US 160
• 2nd opium producer in the world after Afghanistan
• Opium Poppy cultivation concentrated in the Shan
  State

Shan State
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Decrease mostly in Northern Shan State and in the
Wa region
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METHODOLOGY OF THE 2004 OPIUM SURVEY

• In the Shan State
• 59 high-resolution satellite images (IKONOS,
  4-meter multispectral)
• 68 opium fields measured
• 598 villages surveyed
• - 6,592 households interviewed

SHAN STATE
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Opium poppy cultivation in the Golden Triangle
since 1990 cumulative reduction of 77
between 1991 and 2004
-77
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• 2004 Myanmar opium production record low at 370
  tons
• Potential heroin production decreased to 37 tons
  
• (-54 compared to 2003)

-54
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No indication of increase in ATS production
Reported seizure of ATS in Myanmar
kg
kg
Reported seizure of ATS in neighbouring countries
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Opium farm-gate prices increased by 80
Mong Pawk Opiun Price Monitor
All Shan State
Total potential farm-gate value of opium in
2004 US87 million (1 2 of GDP)
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How does opium poppy cultivation stand up against
other income generation activities?

• 260,000 households involved in opium poppy
  cultivation

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UNODCs Response
Addressing Basic Human Needs

• Opium farmers rely on poppy income to offset
  chronic rice deficits
• 2005 opium ban in the Wa will exacerbate poverty
  of farmers, 2003 ban in Kokang had dramatic
  consequences
• UNODC aims to address the basic human needs of
  poppy farmers and their families
• Food security
• Medical care
• Education

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Five Key Goals - UNODC Response (KOWI Programme)

• Humanitarian
• Providing food security for the affected poor
• Sustainability
• Consolidating achievements by offering
  alternatives
• Human rights
• Reductions without alternatives open up the door
  for human rights abuses forced relocation and
  labor
• Domestic political reform
• Current drug situation breeds instability and
  hinders political transition
• Regional security
• Drugs create transnational problems from HIV/AIDS
  to corruption and money laundering