Area 1 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 76
About This Presentation
Title:

Area 1

Description:

Gas- filled airship that allowed Germans to drop bombs on English cities too easy to shoot down Germans abandoned the idea * French 8.5 million men British 9 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:89
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 77
Provided by: Edward295
Category:
Tags: area | grenade | hand

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Area 1


1
(No Transcript)
2
Area 1
  • Choosing sides and war plans

3
The First World War
  • Product of Multiple Factors
  • Militarism
  • development of naval arms race
  • Alliances
  • agreement to protect one another
  • Alliance System existed prior to the war
  • Imperialism
  • Industrialization Imperialism went hand in
    hand
  • Nationalism
  • National interest should come ahead of global

4
Alliance System
  • Triple Alliance
  • Austria-Hungary
  • Germany
  • Italy
  • Triple Entente
  • Great Britain
  • Russia (Serbia)
  • France
  • Provided international security. Nations were
    reluctant to disturb the balance of power. If
    there was a conflict with one, all the others
    would be brought in.

5
Europe 1914
6
The Balkins 1914
Balkin Peninsula- Powder Keg of Europe
7
Archduke Franz Ferdinand His Family
June 1914 Archduke Ferdinand, heir to the
Austria-Hungarian throne, and his wife, Sophie,
were assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia.
8
The Assassination
9
The Immediate Cause of the War
  • Gavrilo Princip
  • A teenage member of the secret society Black Hand
    was the assassin
  • The societys aim was to unite all Serbians
  • July 28, 1914 Austria blamed Serbia, who was
    allied with Russia. Austria declared a bright,
    brisk little war against Serbia
  • This forces the alliance system into effect.
  • August 1, 1914 Germany declares war on Russia.
  • This draws France and Great Britain into the war.

10
The Assassin
Gavrilo Princip
11
Most of the World Was Divided Into 2 Groups
  • Central Powers
  • Germany
  • Austria-Hungary
  • Ottoman Empire
  • Allied Powers.
  • Russia
  • Great Britain
  • France
  • More than 20 other nations eventually joined,
    including.
  • Italy and the U.S.

12
(No Transcript)
13
Area 2
  • Strategy

14
1. Schlieffen Plan
  • Alfred von Schlieffen developed a plan to defend
    Germany against France Britain
  • Needed to defeat France before Russia was able to
    arm themselves
  • Attach France from the north through the low lands

15
Fronts combat zones, many small wars fought at
once.
  • Europe was divided into two fronts
  • Western
  • Eastern

16
(No Transcript)
17
Western Front
  • Northern France and Southern Belgium
  • France and Britain vs. Germany

This map shows the Western Front. The
battlefields (shown in gray) are located along a
450 mile stretch and run across many different
types of ground. The Northern end of the front
began on the sandy dunes of the Belgian coast. It
continued south through northern France then east
through the provinces of Lorraine and Alsace,
both then occupied by Imperial Germany, finally
terminating on the Swiss border in the south.
18
Location of Trenches
Two parallel trench lines running from the North
Sea all the way to the border of Switzerland.
19
WOW!
  • If all of the trenches constructed during World
    War I were laid end to end, they would cover
    25,000 miles!

20
2. Trench Warfare
  • Soldiers dug long trenches protected by mines and
    barbed wire.
  • Front Line Brunt enemy attacks
  • Reserve Line When Front Line was overwhelmed,
    the troops in the reserve trench would be used as
    support
  • Support Line Mainly used to rest troops although
    could be called upon to help in a crisis.
  • Sap / Fire trenches went into no-mans land.
    Very dangerous.
  • All the trenches were linked by communications
    trenches.

21
Cross Section of a Trench
22
Trench Warfare
23
Trench Warfare Continued
  • Each trench 10 feet deep
  • Fire Step a ledge halfway up the trench, where
    people would shoot from.
  • Dugout - holes dug into the sides of the trench
    used for sleeping.

24
(No Transcript)
25
Trench Warfare
26
Problems of Trench Warfare
27
Trench Foot
28
  • 1000s of soldiers were killed in battles that
    won very little territory.
  • November 1914 there was a stalemate.
  • Stalemate a situation in which no one can win

29
Area 3
  • Weapons of War

30
New Weapons
  • Resulted in a different type of war
  • Mechanized Warfare
  • Machine Guns
  • Poisonous Gas
  • Tanks
  • Aircraft (Balloons)
  • Submarines / U-Boats

31
(No Transcript)
32
Poison Gas
  • Chemical warfare, used by both sides, made gas
    masks necessary

33
Flame Throwers
Grenade Launchers
34
(No Transcript)
35
The Airplane
Squadron Over the BrentaMax Edler von Poosch,
1917
36
The Zeppelin
37
Mobilization
  • No major wars in 50 years!
  • Conscription

38
(No Transcript)
39
(No Transcript)
40
(No Transcript)
41
(No Transcript)
42
Fighting Starts
  • August 4, 1914 - Germany invades Belgium
  • Unable to save Belgium - British French retreat
    to Marne River in France
  • Battle of Marne
  • Took Germans 3 weeks to cross Belgium
  • this gave France Britain time to rush troops
  • September 1914-Stopped German advance
  • Spring 1915- two lines of trenches lined northern
    eastern France (German in one Allied in
    other)
  • First Battle of Somme- July 1, 1916 to
    Mid-November
  • British lost 60,000 men in the first day
  • Final casualties totaled 1.2 million
  • Only 7 miles of ground changed hands - Trench
    Warfare

43
Eastern Front
  • Russia had the largest army but they were
    unskilled and unarmed
  • Suffered terrible losses
  • 1917Russia pulls out of war

44
War Is HELL !!
45
Area 4
  • America Enters the War

46
U-Boats
47
Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats
48
American Neutrality
  • Tried to remain neutral during the early years of
    war
  • Warned Germany if anymore supply ships were sunk
    US would get involved
  • Many ships were hiding supplies

49
American Neutrality
  • Opposition to the war
  • Millions of Americans watched closely
  • Many still had ties to their home country
  • Believed war was evil
  • America should set an example for peace

50
American Neutrality
  • Sympathy for Allies
  • France England
  • common bond- Language, culture, democratic
    institutions
  • Belgium
  • after Germany destroyed everything in its path
  • Economic ties were stronger with Allies

51
Sinking of the Lusitania
  • January 31, 1917
  • Germany adopts a policy of unrestricted submarine
    warfare
  • US cuts off all ties with Germany
  • May 7, 1915
  • British liner, Lusitania, off the coast of
    Ireland sunk by U-Boat
  • 128 Americans dead

52
(No Transcript)
53
Zimmerman Note
  • Intercepted by British officials
  • Germany promised Texas, Arizona NM to Mexico if
    they joined Central powers
  • April 6, 1917
  • US declared war on Germany
  • US was not prepared

54
The YanksAre Coming!
55
American Effort
  • Military consisted of 200,000 men
  • Few had combat experience
  • Draft by 1918 24 million draftees
  • About 2 million reached Europe

56
War Effort
  • Women were not drafted
  • Could not enlist
  • Could volunteer for non-combat positions
  • Encouraged to aide the war effort from home

57
Financing the War
58
(No Transcript)
59
American Poster
60
Americans in the Trenches
61
Sacrifices in War
62
The Tide Turns.. Western Front
  • With Russia out, Germany turns shifts its army to
    the Western Front (France)
  • July August
  • Americans help in the 2nd Battle of Marne
  • US lost
  • 48,000 men in battle - 62,000 from disease
  • 200,000 wounded
  • Even with the loss of lives the tide turned
    against Central Powers

63
Area 5
  • Results of the War

64
Collapse of Germany
  • Nov. 1918 Admiral orders German ships to leave
    port
  • Sailors felt there was no longer any use in
    fighting
  • Rebellion in Berlin
  • Kaiser abdicates the throne flees to the
    Netherlands
  • Austria-Hungary was spinning towards collapse

65
11 a.m., November 11, 1918
The Armistice is Signed!
66
The Peace Process
  • January 18, 1919 A peace conference began at
    Versailles.
  • The four great powers dominated.
  • Each leader has his own motives and interests.

In 1919, the Big 4 met in Paris to negotiate the
Treaty. Lloyd George of Britain, Orlando of
Italy, Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson
of the U.S.
67
Italy Orlando- Wanted what was Promised to
Italy for getting into the War
France Clemenceau- Wanted Germany Destroyed
United States Wilson- League of Nations
England Lloyd George- Moderate
68
Results of the Treaty
  • The Allied Powers Goal was to punish Germany.
  • They forced the country to pay reparations for
    the damage it created.
  • Wilson created the 14 Points to keep peace.
  • One of the points called for the League of
    Nations to be formed in order to prevent World
    Wars from breaking out.

69
Wilsons 14 Points
  • January 1918
  • Freedom of Seas
  • Free trade
  • Reduction of arms
  • End to Secret Treaties
  • A League of Nations

70
The Treaty Of Versailles
  • Harsh Toward Germany
  • Lost 13 of its land
  • Poland became a nation
  • All of Germanys land in Africa was divided among
    allies as mandates
  • German military limited
  • Size 100,000
  • No manufacture of war material
  • No subs or airplanes
  • No troops in Rhineland
  • War Guilt clause Germany had to pay 31 billion
    in reparations

71
Treaty Results Continued
  • As a result of the War, Europe looked totally
    different.
  • The harsh treatment of Germany would bankrupt the
    nation and give rise to Hitler.

72
Treaty Results Continued
  • As a result of the War, Europe looked totally
    different.
  • New countries were formed
  • The Treaty of Versailles, it was a fragile truce
    it caused future problems in Europe.

73
  • Europe 1919
  • Europe 1914

74
Militarism Arms Race
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers
Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus. in millions of
s.
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914
94 130 154 268 289 398
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France 10
Britain 13
Russia 39
Germany 73
75
World War I Casualties
76
(No Transcript)
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com