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Geography and the Early Greeks

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Geography and the Early Greeks EQ: How did the geography of Greece help shape early Greek civilization? Mountain and Settlements Mountains cover much of Greece, few ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Geography and the Early Greeks


1
Geography andthe Early Greeks
  • EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
    early Greek civilization?

2
Mountain and Settlements
  • Mountains cover much of Greece, few flat areas
    for farmland
  • People settled in flat areas along the coast and
    in river valleys in villages and towns separated
    by mountains and seas.

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
3
Mountains and Settlements
  • Travel across the mountains and seas was
    difficult, so communities were isolated from one
    another.
  • people created their own governments and ways of
    life
  • Even though they spoke the same language, Greek
    communities saw themselves as separate countries

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
4
Seas and Shipbuilding
  • Since travel inland difficult, the early Greeks
    turned to the seas.
  • South was the Mediterranean Sea,
  • West was the Ionian (eye-OH-nee-uhn) Sea
  • East was the Aegean (ee-JEE-uhn) Sea.

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
5
Seas and Shipbuilding
  • Early Greeks used the sea as a source for food
    and as a way of trading with other communities
  • The Greeks became skilled shipbuilders and
    sailors.
  • Ships sailed to Asia Minor, to Egypt, and to the
    islands of the Mediterranean and Aegean seas.
  • - Found sources of food and other products
    they needed.
  • - Exchanged ideas with other cultures.

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
6
Earliest Cultures in Greece
  • Minoans (muh-NOH-uhnz)
  • Mycenaens (my-suh-NEE-uhns)

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
7
The Minoans
  • By 2000 BC the Minoans had built an advanced
    society on the island of Crete
  • best shipbuilders of their time
  • Carried goods such as wood, olive oil, and
    pottery all around the eastern Mediterranean
  • They traded for copper, gold, silver, and jewels

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
8
End of Minoan Civilization
  • Sometime in the 1600s BC a huge volcano erupted
    just north of Crete.
  • Eruption created a tsunami which flooded much of
    Crete
  • Eruption threw up huge clouds of ash, ruining
    crops and burying cities.

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
9
The Mycenaeans
  • The first people to speak Greek, and therefore
    the first to be considered Greek, were the
    Mycenaeans.

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
10
The Mycenaeans
  • the Mycenaeans built fortresses all over the
    Greek mainland
  • The largest and most powerful fortresswas Mycenae
    (my-SEE-nee)

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
11
The Mycenaeans
  • By the mid-1400s, Minoan society declined
    allowing the Mycenaean to take over Crete
  • Became the major traders in the eastern
    Mediterranean.
  • set up colonies in northern Greece and Italy from
    which they shipped goods to markets around the
    Mediterranean and Black seas.

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
12
The Mycenaeans
  • Didnt trade peacefully
  • Often attacked other kingdoms.
  • Some historians think the Mycenaeans attacked the
    city of Troy, starting the legendary Trojan War,
    which is featured in many works of literature.

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
13
The Mycenaeans
  • 1200s BC Mycenaean society began to fall apart
    when invaders from Europe swept into Greece.
  • At the same time, earthquakes destroyed many
    cities.
  • As Mycenaean civilization crumbled, Greece slid
    into a period of warfare and disorder, a period
    called the Dark Age.

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
14
Greeks Create City-States
  • About 300 years after the Mycenaean civilization
    crumbled, the Greeks joined together in small
    groups for protection and stability.
  • Over time, these groups set up independent
    city-states. Polis - the Greek word for a
    city-state
  • The creation of city-states marks the beginning
    of what is known as Greeces classical age.
  • A classical age is one that is marked by great
    achievements.

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
15
Greek Cities
  • built around a strong fortress.
  • acropolis - fortress on top of a high hill
  • The town around the acropolis was surrounded by
    walls for added protection.

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
16
City - States
  • Not everyone who lived in the city-state
  • actually lived inside the city walls.
  • Farmers lived near their fields outside the
    walls. In times of war, however, women, children,
    and elderly people all gathered inside the city
    walls for protection.
  • the men of the polis formed an army to fight off
    its enemies.

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
17
City - State
EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
  • Life in the city often focused on the
    marketplace, or agora
  • Farmers brought their crops to the market to
    trade for goods made by craftsmen in the town.

18
City State
  • Foundation of Greek civilization
  • Provides security for its people, and gave them
  • an identity.
  • People thought of themselves as residents of a
    city, not as Greeks.

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
19
City-States and Colonization
  • Reason for Greek colonies
  • Some Greeks dreamed of becoming rich through
    trade
  • Others became curious about neighboring lands
    around the Mediterranean Sea.
  • Some also worried about how to deal with Greeces
    growing population.

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
20
Greek Colonies
  • Greek colonies became independent, became a new
    polis.
  • Eventually Greek colonies spread all around the
    Mediterranean and Black Seas.
  • Many big cities around the Mediterranean today
    began as Greek colonies.
  • Istanbul, Turkey
  • Marseille, France
  • Naples, Italy

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
21
Patterns of Trade
  • Although the colonies were independent,
  • traded with city-states on the mainland.
  • The colonies sent metals such as copper and iron
    back to mainland Greece.
  • In return, the Greek city-states sent wine,
  • olive oil, and other products.

EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
22
Patterns of Trade
EQ How did the geography of Greece help shape
early Greek civilization?
  • Trade made the city-states richer
  • By 550 BC the Greeks had become the greatest
    traders in the whole Aegean region.
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