CREATED EQUAL

1
1979-1991
CREATED EQUAL JONES ? WOOD ? MAY ? BORSTELMANN ?
RUIZ
2
TIMELINE

• 1979 U.S. Embassy in Tehran taken by Islamic
  militants
• Sandinista rebels overthrow Somoza in Nicaragua
• Three Mile Island accident
• 1980 Ronald Reagan wins presidency
• 1981 Congress passes Reagans tax laws
• Sandra Day OConnor nominated to the Supreme
  Court
• U.S. warplanes shoot down Libyan jets
• Anwar Sadat assassinated
• 1982 Boland Amendments
• 1983 HIV virus identified

3
TIMELINE

• 1985 Gorbachev becomes head of Soviet Communist
  part
• 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident
• America bombs Tripoli in
• 1987 October Stock Market crash
• Gay Rights March in Washington
• 1988 American warship accidentally shoots down
  Iranian airliner
• Pro-Iranian agents bomb Pan-Am flight 109
• George H. W. Bush elected president
• 1989 U.S. troops invade Panama
• 1991 January Gulf War begins after invasion of
  Kuwait by Iraq

4
THE COLD WAR RETURNS AND ENDS Overview

• Anticommunism Revised
• Republican Rule at Home
• Cultural Conflict
• The End of the Cold War

5
ANTICOMMUNISM REVISED

• Iran and Afghanistan
• The Conservative Victory of 1980
• Renewing the Cold War

6
Trouble Spots in the Middle East, 1979-1993
7
Iran

• January 1979 Revolution in Iran deposes Shah
• Ruhollah Khomeini creates a theocratic state
  based on Islamic law and abhorrence of western
  values
• U.S. Embassy overtaken and American hostages
  taken
• Militants demand return of the Shah to stand
  trial
• Abortive rescue attempt, Vance resignation,
  neglected reelection campaign

8
Afghanistan

• 7 weeks after Iranian hostage situation, Russian
  troops invaded Afghanistan in order to support
  the pro-Soviet government against Islamic
  fighters.
• President Carter halted most trade with Soviets,
  withdrew from SALT II, and boycotted 1980
  Olympics.
• Carter Doctrine preserve the status quo in the
  Persian Gulf region.

9
The Conservative Victory of 1980

• Ronald Reagan elected president.
• Conservative, former movie star
• Campaigned on ideas of military might, unlimited
  consumption, economic growth, and anti-government
• Republicans won the Senate

10
Renewing the Cold War

• UN Ambassador Kirkpatricks theory of
  authoritarian versus totalitarian nations
• Reagan rejects détente and denounces the evil
  empire
• Pentagon budget grows 40 from 1980 to 1984
• Lebanon 241 U.S. Marines lost to suicide bomber

11
Nicaragua

• Sandanistas overthrew Somoza in 1979.
• CIA-created Contras waged war on new government
  in Managua
• 40,000 Nicaraguans, mainly civilians, died.
• Congress passed the Boland Amendments

12
REPUBLICAN RULE AT HOME

• Reaganomics and the Assault on Welfare
• An Embattled Environment
• A Society Divided

13
Reaganomics and the Assault on Welfare

• Congress passes Reagans tax laws
• Cutting federal income tax by 25 over 3 years
• Top individual rate drops from 70 to 28
• Corporate, capital gains, inheritance taxes cut
• Military spending increases
• Welfare programs loose funding
• Federal government responsibilities taken up by
  the states
• Inflation is cut by money policies of the Federal
  Reserve Board

14
An Embattled Environment

• Reagan administration policies favored big
  business and private enterprises
• Federal lands opened for commercial use
• Gorsuch (EPA), Burford (BLM), Crowell (FS)
  rewrote regulations favoring private enterprises
• James Watt extremist conservative with extremist
  ideas and little regard for the environment.
  Resigned in 1983.

15
Federally Owned Lands in the West (as percentage
of a states total lands)
16
A Society Divided

• 1980 CEOs salary 40 times that of worker
• 1989 CEOs salary 93 times that of worker
• Net worth of 400 richest Americans tripled
• Wealthiest 1 of Americans possessed more assets
  than bottom 90
• Casino Economy of mergers, consolidations,
  insider trading, buyouts
• Middle class factory shutdowns, layoffs
• Unions lose members of manufacturing base and
  lost members because of anti-union sentiment

17
Distribution of Wealth and Income
18
CULTURAL CONFLICT

• The Rise of the Religious Right
• Dissenters Push Back
• The New Immigration

19
The Rise of the Religious Right

• By 1980, Christian fundamentalists made up 20 of
  population.
• Republican, conservative views, supported Reagan
• Opposed womens right to choose, gay rights
• Supported school prayer
• Anti-feminist views
• Promoted sexual abstinence
• Supported war on drugs

20
Dissenters Push Back

• Environmental activists
• Peace activists, anti-nuclear
• Racial justice activists
• Anti-apartheid in South Africa
• Rev. Jesse Jackson and Rainbow Coalition
• Gay rights advocates

21
The New Immigration

• 6 million legal immigrants in 1980s
• 40 from Asia China, Philippines, Korea
• 50 from Latin America and Caribbean Mexico
• Work farms, domestic servants, janitors,
  gardeners

22
THE END OF THE COLD WAR

• From Cold War to Détente
• The Iran-Contra Scandal
• A Global Police?

23
From Cold War to Détente

• Internal Soviet politics ended the Cold War
• Gorbachev warned of becoming a desolate Soviet
  economy with missiles
• The U.S.S.Rs occupation of Afghanistan
• Chernobyl nuclear plant accident
• Glasnost (greater political liberty) and
  perestroika (economic restructuring includes
  private enterprises
• Reagan and Gorbachev
• Reagan supported Gorbachevs attempts at change
• Strategic Defense Initiative (Reagan planned to
  share with Soviets)
• 1986 Reykjavik, Iceland summit
• Intermediate Nuclear Force treaty

24
The Iran-Contra Scandal

• Reagan approved illegal sale of U.S. arms to Iran
  in return for the freeing of hostages in Lebanon.
• Oliver North and the National Security Council
  diverted profits from Irans money to the
  Contras.
• The Boland Amendments restricted aid, directly or
  indirectly, to the Contras.
• Congressional investigation, Justice Department
  independent prosecutor.

25
A Global Police?

• George H. W. Bush elected president in 1988.
• Home Appointment of Clarence Thomas to the U.S.
  Supreme Court.
• Foreign
• The collapse of the Soviet Union and the Berlin
  Wall
• Invasion of Panama and arrest of Noriega for drug
  trafficking
• Gulf War

26
The Soviet Bloc Dissolves