REGULAR JEOPARDY TOPICS

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REGULAR JEOPARDY TOPICS
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CELLS
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS
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RESPIRATION
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CELL DIVISION
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MOLECULAR GENETICS
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EVOLUTION CLASSIFICATION
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Cells
Photo- synthesis
Respiration
Cell Division
Molecular Genetics
Evolution classification
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Double Jeopardy!
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Cells
What are two functions of the smooth ER?
100
10
Cells

• Possibilities
• Synthesis of fats
• metabolism of carbs
• detoxification
• calcium ion storage

100
Back
11
Cells
What is the difference between a scanning EM and
a transmission EM with regards to what part of
the cell each can see?
200
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Cells
A scanning EM shows surface details while a
transmission EM shows internal structures.
200
Back
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Cells
What are two structures that animal cells have
that plant cells do not?
300
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Cells
Lysosomes and centrioles
300
Back
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Cells
What is autophagy?
400
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Cells
Literally the cell eating itself the breaking
down of damaged organelles
400
Back
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Cells
What is the function of the peroxisome?
500
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Cells

1. Synthesis of peroxide (H202)
2. Beta oxidation of fatty acids for energy
3. Detoxification of alcohol in liver

500
Back
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Photosynthesis
What are the two parts of photosynthesis?
100
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Photosynthesis
The light reactions and the calvin cycle
100
Back
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Photosynthesis
What two sets of active and inactive molecules
carry energy and electrons between the two cycles
of photosynthesis?
200
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Photosynthesis

1. NADP (inactive) and NADPH (active)
2. ADP (inactive) and ATP (active)

200
Back
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Photosynthesis
Which photosystem is stimulated by light first?
(Hint I or II)
300
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Photosynthesis
II (the light hits photosystem two first)
300
Back
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Photosynthesis
What is the result of the light reactions?
400
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Photosynthesis
ATP and NADPH are made to be used in the Calvin
Cycle
400
Back
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Photosynthesis
How do plants get out of ATP debt?
500
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Photosynthesis
Cyclic Electron Flow (ferredoxin takes electrons
from photosystem one and recycles them through
the first electron transport chain, yielding ATP)
500
Back
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Respiration
Is cellular respiration an endergonic or
exergonic process?
100
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Respiration
Exergonic (energy/heat is made)
100
Back
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Respiration
What are the two parts to oxidative
phosphorylation?
200
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Respiration
The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
200
Back
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Respiration
How, specifically, is ATP made in glycolysis?
300
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Respiration
Substrate-level phosphorylation
300
Back
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Respiration
How, specifically, is ATP made in the Citric
Acid/Krebs Cycle?
400
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Respiration
Substrate-level phosphorylation
400
Back
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Respiration
How are the two main components of a fat used in
cellular respiration?
500
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Respiration

1. The fatty acids are broken down by beta oxidation
   to be made into the two carbon compounds for
   Acetyl CoA
2. The glycerol is used in glycolysis

500
Back
39
Cell Division
How many chromosomes are found in somatic cells
and gametes, respectively?
100
40
Cell Division
46 in somatic cells (diploid) and 23 in gamets
(haploid)
100
Back
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Cell Division
What is synapsis and when does it occur?
200
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Cell Division
Meiosis I causes the separation of the homologous
chromosomes creating two diploid cells. Meiosis
II causes the seperation of the chromatid pairs
creating four haploid cells.
200
Back
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Cell Division
What is synapsis and when does it occur?
300
44
Cell Division
Synapsis is the joining of homologous chromosomes
in a tetrad and it occurs during prophase I
300
Back
45
Cell Division
What is a chiasmata?
400
46
Cell Division
A location where crossing over has occurred
between two non-sister chromatids
400
Back
47
Cell Division
What molecule do cyclin and CDK form when
combined and what effect does that molecule have
on a cell?
500
48
Cell Division
MPF (Maturation promoting factor) which allow
cells to pass the G2 checkpoint and enter the
mitotic phase
500
Back
49
Molecular Genetics
What is the enzyme that seals together okazaki
fragments in DNA replication?
100
50
Molecular Genetics
DNA ligase
100
Back
51
Molecular Genetics
What is the difference between the law of
segregation and the law of independent assortment?
200
52
Molecular Genetics
Law of Segregation each allele in a pair will
separate into a different gamete Law of
independent assortment each allele pair will
separate independently of the other allele pairs
(not all mothers alleles in one gamete and
fathers alleles in the other)
200
Back
53
Molecular Genetics
What are the three stages of transcription and
translation and how do they differ between the
two processes?
300
54
Molecular Genetics
Initiation in transcription when RNA polymerase
binds to the TATA box of promotor in translation
when the tRNA with anticodon for AUG
binds Elongation in transcription when RNA pol
adds the complementary RNA base pairs in
translation when codons are recognized and GTP
breaks and reforms peptide bonds to extend amino
acid chain Termination in transcription when
AAUAAA is reached in translation when release
factor binds and hydrolyses the amino acid chain
300
Back
55
Molecular Genetics
What did Watson and Crick discover about DNA?
400
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Molecular Genetics
The double helix structure
400
Back
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Molecular Genetics
What is epistasis?
500
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Molecular Genetics
When a gene at one locus determines the
phenotypic expression of another gene at a
different locus (ex. fur color with pigment/no
pigment gene and black/brown gene)
500
Back
59
Evolution Classification
Name 3 things used to classify animals into
different categories.
100
60
Evolution Classification

• Possibilities
• Body plans
• Symmetry
• Tissue types
• Body cavities
• Developmental plans

100
Back
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Evolution Classification
What is allopatric speciation?
200
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Evolution Classification
When a geographic barrier blocks the gene flow
between two populations of the same species (ex.
island)
200
Back
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Evolution Classification
What is cephalization?
300
64
Evolution Classification
The movement of sensory equipment towards the
anterior (head) of an organism during development
300
Back
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Evolution Classification
According to Hardy-Weinberg theorem, how many
heterozygous organisms would there be in a
population of 100 if there were 16 homozygous
recessive organisms?
400
66
Evolution Classification
48 heterozygotes 16/100 .16 frequency of
aa v.16 .4 frequency of a 1 - .4 .6
frequency of A 2(.4)(.6) .48 frequency of
Aa .48 100 48 Aa organisms
400
Back
67
Evolution Classification
How does a protosome differ from a deuterosome in
regards to development of the cleavage, coelom,
and blastopore?
500
68
Evolution Classification

Protosomes Deuterosomes
Cleavage Spiral determinate (lines dont match up and fate known) Radial indeterminate (lines match up and cell fate unknown)
Coelom formation Schizocoelous (mesoderm splits to form coelom) Enterocoelous (folding of mesoderm forms coelom)
Fate of blastopore Blastopore mouth (anus develops 2nd) Blastopore anus (mouth develops 2nd)
500
Back
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Double Jeopardy!!!
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DOUBLE JEOPARDY TOPICS
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PLANT SYSTEMS
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ANIMAL SYSTEMS
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ECOLOGY
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LABS
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BIOTECHNOLOGY
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STUFF WE HAVENT COVERED
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Plant Systems
Animal Systems
Ecology
Labs
Biotech
Things we didnt cover
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Final Jeopardy!
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Plant Systems
What are the xylem and phloem responsible for
transporting, respectively?
200
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Plant Systems
Xylem water Phloem - sugar
200
Back
80
Plant Systems
What is the triple response and what plant
hormone causes it?
400
81
Plant Systems
The triple response causes the plant stem to
thicken, curve and slow elongation. This is
caused by ethylene.
400
Back
82
Plant Systems
What is the difference between primary and
secondary growth and which plant structures are
responsible for each?
600
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Plant Systems
Primary growth taller or longer apical
meristems Secondary growth - wider or bigger
vascular and cork cambiums
600
Back
84
Plant Systems
What form of nitrogen do plants need and where do
they get it from?
800
85
Plant Systems
Plants need nitrogen in the form of nitrate,
which they get from nitrogen fixing-bacteria in
the soil
800
Back
86
Plant Systems
What type of light causes germination? (hint
what type of light causes the conversion of
far-red sensitive phytochromes)
1000
87
Plant Systems
Red light
1000
Back
88
Animal Systems
What two ions are crucial to the regulation of
the nervous system and why are they so crucial?
200
89
Animal Systems
Sodium and potassium ions (Na and K) because
the create the depolarized state (action
potential) as well as the normal repolarized
state
200
Back
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Animal Systems
Why is calcium important to muscle contraction?
400
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Animal Systems
Because it binds to the troposin complex,
exposing the myosin-binding sites on the actin
(when myosin binds, muscle contraction occurs)
400
Back
92
Animal Systems
What effect does insulin have on blood glucose
and appetite?
600
93
Animal Systems
Insulin triggers the reuptake of glucose, thereby
decreasing blood glucose. Insulin decreases
apettite because high levels of it reflect high
levels of sugar already in the body
600
Back
94
Animal Systems
What are the four extrionic membranes in the
amniotic egg and what are their respective
functions?
800
95
Animal Systems

1. Amnion cushion
2. Allantois garbage
3. Chorion gas exchange
4. Yolk sac - nutrients

800
Back
96
Animal Systems
What is the difference between B cells, Helper T
cells and cytotoxic T cells in terms of their
function in the immune system?
1000
97
Animal Systems
B Cells part of humeral response release
antibodies to kill antigens in fluids Helper T
cells creates the antigen-specific epitope by
binding to the displaying phagocytic cells then
gives the epitope to B cells and cytotoxic T
cells and stimulates them with cytokines Cytotoxic
T cells part of cell-mediated response bind
to infected cells and cause apoptosis with
granzymes
1000
Back
98
Ecology
What is the difference between proximate and
ultimate questions?
200
99
Ecology
Proximate mechanistic/nuture based (ex. what in
the immediate environment led to a
behavior?) Ultimate evolutionary
significance/nature (ex. why did natural
selection favor a behavior?)
200
Back
100
Ecology
What is the difference between taxis and kinesis?
400
101
Ecology
Taxis movement toward or away from
stimulus Kinesis a generalized increase in
movement due to stimulus
400
Back
102
Ecology
What survivorship curve would a sea turtle have?
(consider that it has lots of babies but only a
few survive to live full lives in the ocean)
600
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Ecology
Type III
600
Back
104
Ecology
Which survivorship curves correspond with
k-selected and r-selected species respectively?
800
105
Ecology
K-selected type I R-selected type III
800
Back
106
Ecology
Where does phosphorous originate from in the
phosphorous cycle?
1000
107
Ecology
Weathered rock
1000
Back
108
Labs
What is the difference between hypotonic and
hypertonic solutions?
200
109
Labs
Hypotonic low solute concentration Hypertonic
high solute concentration
200
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Labs
How does one know if transformation is successful?
400
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Labs
If the supposedly transformed bacteria displays
the traits of the gene of interest.
400
Back
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Labs
When reading ones blood pressure, how does one
derive the two numbers?
600
113
Labs
Top number systolic pressure pressure when
the tapping noise starts Bottom number
diastolic pressure pressure when the tapping
noise stops
600
Back
114
Labs
What is a chi square used for?
800
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Labs
A chi square is used to determine whether or not
a population fits a Mendelian ratio of phenotypes.
800
Back
116
Labs
Explain the dye-reduction technique used to
measure levels of photosynthesis.
1000
117
Labs
DPIP (the dye) is used in place of oxygen as the
final electron acceptor. It turns from blue to
clear when reduced, therefore making the solution
more clear when more photosynthesis has occurred.
Transmittance rate can measure how clear the
solution is.
1000
Back
118
Biotechnology
What effect does histone acetylation have on gene
expression?
200
119
Biotechnology
It makes the genes more accessible for
transcription, thus increasing the likelihood of
expression.
200
Back
120
Biotechnology
What are the two mutations that cause the
creation of oncogenes (cancer-causing cells?
400
121
Biotechnology

• A growth-stimulating protein becomes hyperactive
• A growth-inhibiting protein degrades
• Both of these cause uninhibited growth.

400
Back
122
Biotechnology
How are genes of interest found in a genetic
library?
600
123
Biotechnology
Nucleic Acid Probe Hybridization (complementary
strand of DNA binds and becomes a radioactive tag)
600
Back
124
Biotechnology
What is cDNA and how is it used?
800
125
Biotechnology
cDNA is DNA complementary to messenger RNA and it
is used primarily as a radioactive tag that shows
which genes have been transcribed and are in the
process of being expressed.
800
Back
126
Biotechnology
What is the difference between a southern,
northern and western blot?
1000
127
Biotechnology
Southern uses DNA Northern uses RNA Western
uses proteins
1000
Back
128
Things we didnt cover
What four abiotic factors determine climate?
200
129
Things we didnt cover
Temperature, water, sunlight and wind.
200
Back
130
Things we didnt cover
What are root nodules and what is their
evolutionary significance?
400
131
Things we didnt cover
Root nodules house the bacteria Rhizobium that
performs nitrogen-fixation. Its evolutionary
significance is that it is able to provide most
plants with the key macronutrient nitrogen.
400
Back
132
Things we didnt cover
An excess of what neurotransmitter causes
schizophrenia?
600
133
Things we didnt cover
dopamine
600
Back
134
Things we didnt cover
What are statoliths and what function do they
serve for invertibrates?
800
135
Things we didnt cover
Statoliths are dense granules located in various
parts of the body that collect at the bottom of
the chamber to indicate which way is down. They
help invertibrate organisms sense gravity.
800
Back
136
Things we didnt cover
What is the role of the hormone melatonin?
1000
137
Things we didnt cover
It regulates the body clock in relation to
seasonal changes.
1000
Back
138
Final Jeopardy!!!
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(No Transcript)
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Final Jeopardy!!!
What distinguishes C3, C4 and CAM plants from
each other in regards to how they perform the
calvin cycle/dark reactions and their
efficiency of production?
141
Final Jeopardy!!!
C3 plants Calvin cycle uses rubisco as enzyme
which can bind to C02 (good/when stomata open) or
02 (bad/when stomata closed) not efficient
because when 02 is used (photorespiration) ATP
and sugars are lost rather than made but still
most common method used by plants C4 plants
calvin cycle uses PEP carboxylase which binds
only to CO2 has an organic cycle in addition to
calvin cycle efficient at water conservation and
production so therefore adapted for hotter/drier
environments CAM plants open stomata during day
and perform only light reactions then close
stomata during the night and use stored up C02
from organic cycle to do calvin cycle efficient
at water conservation so adapted for hotter/drier
environments