Molecular genetics

1
Molecular genetics

• Chapters 16-19, 27

2
Control of gene expression

• Genes to proteins
• Specific purposes times.
• Prokaryotes environmental conditions
• Eukaryotes homeostasis

3
Areas of control of gene expression

• 1. Transcriptional control
• 2. Posttranscriptional control
• RNA splicing
• 5 cap/poly A tail
• mRNA transport
• mRNA degradation
• Translation (protein synthesis)
• Phosphorylation

4
Transcription control

• DNA is tightly packaged
• Nucleosomes may block the binding of
  transcription factors and RNA polymerase

5
Eukaryotes

• Chromatin
• 40 DNA/ 60 protein

6
Viruses

• Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
• Protein

7
Bacteriophage
8
Viruses

• HIV
• Hepatitis
• Varicella
• Epstein Barr
• Ebola virus
• SARS

9
Prokaryote structure

• Cell well
• Maintains shape
• Peptidoglycan
• Polysaccharides with polypeptide links

10
Plasmid
11
Bacteria

• Strep
• Staph
• TB
• E coli

12
Recombinant DNA

• Combining genes from different sources into a
  single DNA
• Example Bacteria and mammal
• Insulin
• Cancer drugs
• Pesticides

13
Gene transfer

• Transduction
• Conjugation
• Transformation

14
Recombinant DNA

• Nucleases
• Restriction endonulceases
• Restriction sitesDNA ligase

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17
PCR

• Polymerase chain reaction

18
RFLPS

• Restriction fragment length polymorphisms
• DNA fingerprints

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20
Mutations

• Change in the nucleotide sequence
• Point mutation
• Substitution, deletion, insertion
• Translocation
• Inversion

21
Mutations

• Aueuploidy
• Deletion of a chromosome
• Polyploidy
• Addition of a chromosome

22
Labs

• Enzyme catalysis
• Diffusion and osmosis
• Cellular respiration
• Plant pigment/photosynthesis
• Mitosis/meiosis
• Transformation of E coli
• DNA analysis
• Population genetics Hardy-Weinberg