??Linux?? Author:[e-mail]

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??Linux??AuthorLyn.ma_at_hotmail.com
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????? shell??

• ????Shell
• ---Bourne shell(sh)
• ---C shell(csh)
• ---Kom shell(ksh)
• ---Bourne Again shell(bash) ??????

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??????????

• ??reboot??
• ??shutdown -k
• shutdown -r Time
• shutdown -h Time
• shutdown c
• ??ls a ????????,??????
• ls l ????????????
• ls F ?????????????????,,/
• ??cd?mkdir?rmdir?cp?rm?mv?
• ??cat ?? ???????????ASCII????
• cat text
• cat file1 file2
• cat file1 file2 gtfile3
• ??more ??

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??????????

• ??useradd
• ??useradd ???
• ????
• useradd ??? g ?? G ?? d Home??? p ??
• ?useradd oracle g oinstall G dba d
  /Home/oracle ora1234
• ??userdel?groupadd?groupdel?password
• userdel ???? groupadd ???? groupdel
  ???
• password? password ???
• ??su??
• ??????????????????????
• su ???
• ??chmod??
• ?????????????????
• ? chmod rx text
• chmod urwx,gr,o text

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?????????

• ??ps??
• ps
• ps e ????????????
• ps ef ???? ps ef grep oracle
• ps el ???
• ??top ??????
• ??kill ????
• kill -s ?? ???
• kill l ??????
• ??cron????
• cron -l

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???????????

• ??df??
• ???????????????,????-k
• df k
• ??mount ?umount
• ??mount?? ?? ??
• -a ?/etc/fstab?????????????
• ?mount /mnt/cdrom ????
• mount /mnt/floppy ????
• umount ???????? ????
• ????umount -f directory
• ?umount f /mnt/cdrom ????

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??????

• ??tar??
• ?
• tar czf oracle.tar.gz /u01/app/oracle
  /etc/oracle /home/oracle
• tar tzf oracle.tar.gz
• tar xzvf oracle.tar.gz
• ??rpm??(RPM Redhat Package Manager)
• 1.?? rpm I tomcat.rpm
• 2.?? rpm U tomcat.rpm
• 3.????????? rpm qa grep tomcat rpm
  qf filename
• rpm qi packagename
• 4.?????????
• rpm e packagename

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????/??????
1.Cat?? 2.Vi?? 3.Head /Tail??
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????/??????
1.Cat?? ???????? ??Dos??Type cat file1 cat
file1 file2 cat n file1 ????
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????/??????
2.vi?? ?Visual Interface??? ?????????Dos??Edit
????????,??,??,??? ???????? ????? i ,a, o,
c, u, d, r,s, dd, dx, w,Esc, q,q!, qw,
h,j,k,l ???? ????,???Esc,???,?????? ????
vi example.txt vi n example.txt set number
(??nu)????
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????/??????
2.1 Vi ?????? h j k l h
????????n,????n?? j ????????n,????n??
k ????????n,????n?? l ????????n,????n??
0 ? ??????? - ??????? H ????? L
????? CtrlG ????????? M
?????? n ?????????n? nG ????n?
???????????? w/W ??????????
b/B???????? e/E????????
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????/??????
2.2 Vi ?????? 1.??(Insert)?? i?I
2.??(append)?? a?A 3.??(Open)?? o?O 2.3 Vi
?????? 1.?????? x?X 2.??????
dd?D,d,d0,dw 3.?????? yy p 4.??????
u U 5.?????? . 6.????????? / ?
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????/??????
3.Head ?tail ?????????? ? head exeample.txt
?????? head n 20 example.txt??????? tail
example.txt????? tail n 20 example.txt????????
head -f example.txt?????,??????????????????
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??????
1.?????? ifconfig ?route 2.??????
netstat/nslookup/host/finger/Ping 3.?????????? 4.?
??????? ftp/telnet/ r-????
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??????
1.?????? ifconfig ?route ifconfig eth0
192.168.0.1 ???????????192.168.0.1 ifconfig
eht0 down/up ??/??????? ifconfig eth0 netmask
255.255.255.0 ???????????? ifconfig eth0
??eth0 ?? ??ifconfig ifconfig s ????????
route add net 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
dev eth0 ??????? route add 0.0.0.0 gw ????
route del 0.0.0.0 gw ????
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??????
2.?????? netstat/nslookup/host/finger/Ping
netstat a c -I n -r t u -v nslookup /
Exit host a ?host baidu.com finger root
ping c count IPAddress
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??????
3.?????????? /etc/sysconfig /network ??????
/etc/hosts IP???????? service network restart
/etc/services ????????????? /etc/ resolv.conf
DNS???? /etc/ host.conf ??????? /etc/
nsswitch.conf ??????? ?????????,??Sun?????
/etc/xinetd.conf ?inetd??? /etc/ module.conf
???????????????? /etc/ sysconfig/network-scripts
/ ifcfg-ethN ????????
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??????
4.???????? ftp/telnet/ r-???? ftp IP??????? ls
cd lcd ascii binary(Bin) close hash get mget put
mput quit ? ! telnet IP??????? rlogin host
rlogin host command
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??????

• ????????????????
• /sbin/hwclock --show
• /sbin/hwclock --hctosys
• /sbin/hwclock --systochc
• 2. ???????????
• /proc/cpuinfo meminfo modules mounts
• df k ????KB???????????
• df a ??????,?????0???
• df T ??????Ext2??Ext3?
• du b /home ????????/home??????????
• du -ks /home ?????????/home??????
• top d 1 ??Top???????? ??,M,N,P ,c,? ,q

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??????
2. ??????????? iostat c ??CPU?????????
iostat d ??????????????? iostat d 2
???????????????,2????? 3.??/????tar tar czf
tmp.tar.gz /tmp ??/tmp?? tar xzf tmp.tar.gz
C /home ???/home???? tar t tmp.tar.gz
??gz????? 4.?????????? find . name 1.txt
????????? find /tmp name 1.txt ????
grep cams test.txt ???? grep r cams
/cams/test.txt ??????????????? ps ef grep
ora
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??????
5.???????? ????????????? /etc/ rc.d /
init.d??? service cams stop/start ??/????
???? 1???????/etc/ rc.d /
init.d?????,???????? 2????chkconfig??????????
chkconfig add camsd ???? 1chkconfig del
camsd ???????? chkconfig level 35
camsd on chkconfig level 35 camsd off
chkconfig list camsd ???????????
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Apt-get????

• ??
• apt-get ?? ??
• apt-get ?? installremove pkg1 pkg2 ...
  
• apt-get ?? source pkg1 pkg2 ...
• apt-get ???????????????????
• ???????update(??)?install(??)?
• ??
• update - ????????? upgrade - ????
  install - ???????(pkg ? libc6 ??? libc6.deb)
  remove - ????? autoremove - ?????????????
  purge - ?????????? source - ?????? build-dep
  - ?????????? dist-upgrade - ?????, ??
  apt-get(8) dselect-upgrade - ?? dselect ?????
  clean - ????????? autoclean - ?????????????
  check - ??????????
• ??
• -h ?????? -q ????? - ????? -qq ?????,????
  -d ??? - ?????????? -s ???????????? -y
  ??????????,??? -f ??????????? -m ????????,????
  -u ???????????? -b ???????? -V ???????? -c?
  ??????? -o? ?????????,? -o dircache/tmp

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GCC ??
gcc help man gcc gcc p g test.c
???test.c????profile?????????????????? gcc pg
test.c ??gprof???????? gcc test.c ??a.out?? gcc
-o count conut.c ???????count?????? -c
?????????????????????????? -S ???????????????,????
??.s -E ????????????????,????????????????????????
-o -O2 ???????,??????,??????,??????,???????? -g
??GCC????GNU??????????????????
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GDB ??
gdb h file ?????? Kill ????????? List
??????? Next ??????,??????? Step??????,?????? Run
??????????,?run?watch Quit ??gdb Watch
???????????????? watch Mastering Print
??????? Break ????,???? break 26 Make
???gdb??,?????????????? Shell ???gdb??,?????UNIX
shell
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GDB ??
gdb h ?????core??,???gdb hello
core????????? gcc gp -o test test.c Gprof ???
gt???????????????????????
????????????,??????????????
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Makefile??
??Target components ????/????,????????,???? ??TA
B rule
Main main.o file1.o file2.o Gcc o _at_
????,?????? Main.o main.c file1.h file2.h Gcc c
lt ??????? File1.o file1.c file1.h Gcc c
lt File2.o file2.c file1.h Gcc c lt
Main main.o file1.o file2.o Gcc o main main.o
file1.o ifle2.o Main.o main.c file1.h
file2.h Gcc c main.c File1.o file1.c
file1.h Gcc c file1.c File2.o file2.c
file1.h Gcc c file2.c
??
??
Main main.o file1.o file2.o Gcc o _at_
????,?????? ..c.o ???o???????c?? Gcc c lt
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• Man 2 write
• Man 3 write