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The War of 1812

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Stay away from factions Show disinterest in European affairs Set the two term precedent Washington s Farewell Address Rise in Political Parties Although speaking ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The War of 1812


1
Goodbye, GW
2
Washingtons Farewell Address
  • Stay away from factions
  • Show disinterest in European affairs
  • Set the two term precedent

3
Rise in Political Parties
  • Although speaking against them earlier, both
    Madison and Hamilton organize factions
  • Hamilton takes first steps
  • Both the Federalists and the Jeffersonian
    Republicans formed

4
Election of 1796
  • Adams (F) wins presidency
  • Jefferson (R) elected VP
  • Hamilton retired the previous year and took much
    support from the Federalists with him

5
1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union)

John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 71 51.4
Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican 68 49.3
Thomas Pinckney South Carolina Federalist 59 42.8
Aaron Burr New York Democratic-Republican 30 21.7
Samuel Adams Massachusetts Federalist 15 10.9
Oliver Ellsworth Connecticut Federalist 11 8.0
George Clinton New York Democratic-Republican 7 5.1
Other - - 15 10.9
Total Number of Electors 138
Total Electoral Votes Cast 276
Number of Votes for a Majority 70
6
Adams Presidency
  • Often undercut (Hamilton, Jefferson)
  • Troubled relations with France

7
XYZ Affair
  • Adams sends delegates to France
  • French demand a bribe before any negotiations
    take place
  • J. Reps want copies of docs
  • Adams turns them over with the names of X, Y, Z
    replacing agents
  • Adams refuses to pay, popularity soars
  • J.Rs hurt by incident

8
Quasi-War
  • In response to the XYZ affair
  • Undeclared naval war between US and France
  • Tensions lowered as Britain defeats France

9
Alien and Sedition Acts
  • Adams passes four laws that limited speech and
    writing anything that could be false or malicious
  • Designed to silence the Jefferson Republicans
  • Jefferson responds by having VA and KY pass
    resolutions that the states could nullify
    unconstitutional laws
  • Resolutions later used for the succession of the
    Southern states

10
Tough Times
  • Adams having difficult times
  • Hamilton divides Federalists against him with his
    peace treaty with France
  • Considered resigning and turning the government
    over to Jefferson

11
Election of 1800
  • Adams Pinckney Federalists
  • Jefferson Burr - Jeffersonian Republicans
  • Adams carries NE states
  • Jefferson carries S and W
  • States follow party interests

12
1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union)

Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican 73 73 52.9
Aaron Burr New York Democratic-Republican 73 73 52.9
John Adams Massachusetts Federalist 65 65 47.1
Charles Pinckney South Carolina Federalist 64 64 46.4
John Jay New York Federalist 1 1 0.7

Total Number of Electors 138
Total Electoral Votes Cast 276
Number of Votes for a Majority 70
13
1800 Election Results (Into the House of
Representatives!!) ? 1 vote for each State ?

Thomas Jefferson Virginia Democratic-Republican 10 10 62.5
Aaron Burr New York Democratic-Republican 4 4 25.0
Blank ------- 2 2 12.5
14
Revolution of 1800
  • Because of system, electors split votes between
    Jefferson and Burr
  • Accidentally receive same amount of votes
  • Federalist controlled House tried making a deal
    with Burr he rejects
  • Federalists give up and accept Jefferson
  • 12th Amendment passed for separate votes for Pres
    and VP

15
The Economy
16
Major Port Cities
  • Charleston
  • Rice, cotton, indigo
  • Baltimore
  • tobacco
  • Philadelphia
  • Shipped farm produce
  • New York
  • Merchant headquarters
  • Boston
  • Shipbuilding, banking

17
American Economy in 1800
  • Predominantly rural
  • 94 people lived in communities of fewer than
    2,500 people
  • Crops were grown for home use rather than for sale

18
Growth of American Trade
  • French Revolution initiated war between Britain
    and France
  • American merchants wanted to supply both sides
  • Re-exported many goods to other European
    countries

19
Jefferson Presidency
20
Jefferson Takes Office
  • Takes office more low key than Washington and
    Adams
  • Peaceful transition from the Federalists to the
    Jeffersonian Republicans

21
Vision for the Nation
  • Agrarian Republic
  • Small family farms clustered together in
    communities
  • Problems
  • Slave trade grew
  • Soil exhaustion
  • Indians forced from lands

22
Promises
  • Cut internal taxes
  • Cut size of Army
  • Cut size of Navy
  • Reduce government staff
  • Eliminate national debt
  • All promises were kept!

23
Jeffersons Peeps
  • Against pressure, Jefferson allowed many
    Federalists to keep their jobs
  • Did not apply to the Midnight Judges

24
Marbury vs. Madison
  • Jefferson refuses to give appointment to Marbury
  • Marbury sues
  • Chief Justice Marshall rules the judicial branch
    cannot force the executive to deliver the papers
  • Judicial review established by Marshall

25
Louisiana Purchase
  • In 1800, France secretly reacquired the LA
    territory
  • Napoleon wants to use land to help cause in Haiti
  • Haiti overthrows the French and Napoleon wants to
    sell
  • Jefferson already in talks about buying New
    Orleans (up to 10 mil)
  • Napoleon decides to sell entire territory for 15
    mil.

26
Effects of the Louisiana Purchase
  • Jeffersons beliefs questioned Const. says
    nothing about buying land
  • Size of US doubled
  • Slavery increases
  • Native Americans pushed off land

27
America's Second War for Independence?
28
Election of 1808
29
James Madison Becomes President
30
Dolly Madison
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