Essential Question: What are the similarities

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• Essential Question What are the similarities
  differences among the Spanish, French, Dutch
  British patterns of colonization in America?
• Warm-Up Questions
• What key changes in Europe took place in the 15th
  16th centuries that allowed for overseas
  colonization?
• How did European exploration in America impact
  native peoples?

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Motivations for Exploration

• During the Renaissance, a desire for new trade
  routes to Asia led to an Age of Exploration
• Led by Spain Portugal, explorers found new
  trade routes, colonies, people to Christianize
• Colonization in North America led to destruction
  of Indian culture, permanent settlements for
  whites, wealth for European nations

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Motivation Means of Exploration

• Means
• Better ships (caravels)
• Better navigation tools
• Astrolabe sextant
• Magnetic compass
• Maps with longitude latitude

• Key Motivation of Explorers
• A search for new knowledge (Renaissance)
• The 3 Gs
• GOLD A desire for wealth, new markets for trade,
  a desire to escape poverty in Europe
• GLORY A desire by European kings to develop
  large overseas empires or for individual
  explorers to make a name for themselves
• GOD A desire by European Christians (Catholics)
  to convert people to their faith

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Voyages of European Exploration
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Four Key Explorers
Christopher Columbus discovered America looking
for a westward route to India
Samuel Champlain founded Quebec after failing to
find a NW passage to India
Vasco da Gama found India by sailing around Africa
Ferdinand Magellan led the first expedition to
circumnavigate the globe
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This exploration led to colonies by European
countries
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America Prior to the Arrival of Europeans
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America Before the Europeans
These empires were destroyed by the arrival of
Spanish conquistadors

• Before Columbus discovered America in 1492,
  North America was dominated Native Americans

The Aztecs (in Central America) Incas (in South
America) created large, powerful empires
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America Before the Europeans
The Plains Indians were hunters gathers but
became mobile hunters after the Spanish
introduced the horse into North America

• Before Columbus discovered America in 1492,
  North America was dominated Native Americans

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America Before the Europeans
The Eastern Woodlands Indians lived in small
farming communities were the first contacts
with British settlers in Virginia Massachusetts

• Before Columbus discovered America in 1492,
  North America was dominated Native Americans

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Eastern Woodland Cultures

• Along the Atlantic Coast of North America, Native
  Americans lived in smaller, mobile bands
• Farming was supplemented by hunting and gathering
• Eastern woodland Indians were likely the first
  natives to be encountered by English settlers

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Locations of Major Indian Groups and Culture
Areas in the 1600s
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When Worlds Collide

• On the map provided, label and shade trade
  patterns the regions of the world colonized by
  (a) Spain, (b) France, (c) England, (d)
  Dutch during the Age of Exploration

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Voyages of European Exploration
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The Columbian Exchange

• The arrival of Europeans led to the introduction
  of new products between Indians Europeans
  called the Columbian Exchange
• Indians introduced corn, tobacco, potatoes,
  peanuts to whites
• Europeans introduced horses, livestock, citrus,
  diseases
• An estimated 90 of Indians died due to European
  disease

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The Columbian Exchange
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The Spanish Colonies in America
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Spanish Colonies in North America
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Spanish Colonies in North America
The Spanish government encouraged converting
Indians establishing missions

• Motivations
• After Columbus, Spain dominated Central South
  America the SE SW sections of North America
• Spanish conquistadors explored in search of gold
  silver
• Missionaries converted Native Americans to
  Catholicism

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Spanish Colonies in North America

• Government Royal control
• Spanish colonies were funded controlled by the
  monarch
• Viceroys were sent to the colonies to serve as
  governors
• Economy Desire for wealth
• Used Indian African slave labor to mine gold
  silver
• Built encomiendas (plantations) to farm cash
  crops

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Spanish Colonies in North America

• Society Strictly controlled
• Viceroys were sent to rule
• Creoles were white colonists living in Spanish
  colonies had opportunities for land wealth
• The lack of women led to inter-marriage with
  Indians a mixed-race population (mestizos)
• Indians African slaves made up the bottom of
  society

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The French Colonies in America
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French Colonies in North America
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French Colonies in North America
Like Spain, the French govt encouraged
converting Indians establishing missions

• Motivations
• After Champlains attempt to find a NW passage
  through Canada, he founded Quebec
• The French crescent included Canada, the
  Mississippi River, New Orleans
• Missionaries converted Native Americans to
  Catholicism

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French Colonies in North America

• Government Royal control
• The French colonies were strictly controlled by
  royal governors
• Economy Desire for fur trade
• Most French colonists profited from the fur
  trade, small-scale farming, or lumbering
• Society Friendly with Indians
• Because the French needed furs, they were the
  most friendly with the local Native Americans

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Dutch Colonies in North America
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Dutch Colonies in North America

• Motivations
• The Dutch established New Amsterdam as a trade
  center
• Political, Economic, Social
• To attract settlers, the govt allowed anyone to
  immigrate
• As a result, New Amsterdam was one of the most
  diverse colonies in North America

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The English Colonies in America
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The English Colonies

• In the 1600s, English settlers arrived in North
  America
• English colonization differed from Spanish
  French because the English govt had no desire to
  create a centralized empire in the New World
• Different motivations by English settlers led to
  different types of colonies

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Migrating to the English Colonies

• 17th century England faced major social changes
• The most significantly was a boom in population
  Competition for land, food, jobs led to a large
  mobile population (vagrants?)
• People had choices could move to cities,
  Ireland, Netherlands, or America (but this was
  most expensive dangerous)

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British Colonies in North America
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British Colonies in North America

• Motivations Many different reasons
• Economic Escape poverty or gain wealth from cash
  crop farming
• Religious For religious freedom to escape
  religious persecution
• Political Fear during the English Civil War
  Glorious Revolution
• As a result, the British colonies were very
  different from each other were never very
  unified

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British Colonies in North America

• Government
• The colonies differed from French Spanish
  because the British govt had no desire to create
  a centralized empire in America
• Britain developed a policy called salutary
  neglect in which the colonists could create local
  laws taxes in their colonial assemblies
• Royal governors were sent by the king, but they
  had little power

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British Colonies in North America
New England colonies, like Massachusetts, were
closely connected by religion families were
mostly subsistence farmers who had little desire
to make money
Unlike the Spanish French, the British
colonists never made sweeping attempts to
convert, marry, or trade with local Native
Americans, although conflicts over land were
common

• Economy Society
• The societies economies of the British
  colonies were dependent upon the reasons people
  settled

Southern colonies, like Virginia, had cash crop
economies, large gaps between rich poor
farmers, slave labor
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By the early 1600s, Spain, England, France had
large territorial claims in North America (but
these colonies were not heavily populated,
especially in Spanish French claims)
The Spanish French adopted Frontiers of
Inclusion while the British used Frontiers of
Exclusion
These colonial claims came largely at the expense
of the Native Americans already living there
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Advantages for long-term colonization Disadvantages for long-term colonization
Spain
France
England
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Closure Activity

• In order to review the Spanish, French, Dutch,
  British colonies, students will be presented with
  a series of potential immigrants to North
  America. For each person
• Determine the best colonial region for that
  person to move to
• Provide a brief explanation that supports your
  decision

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Potential ImmigrantA poor, unmarried man
looking to make his fortune
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Potential ImmigrantA person with very
religious beliefs
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Potential ImmigrantA woman looking for new
opportunities in America
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Potential ImmigrantA person looking for
political freedom the ability help make laws
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Potential ImmigrantA Native American looking
for freedom from European control
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Potential ImmigrantA person who enjoys living
where the action is (a place where something
exciting is always happening)
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Potential ImmigrantA father looking for safety
security for his family
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Potential ImmigrantAn entrepreneur looking for
a location to open a business specializing in
shipping