Ch 18.3 New Nations in Africa

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Ch 18.3 New Nations in Africa
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Negritude Movement

• A movement for African independence that started
  before World War II.
• Frenchspeaking Africans and West Indians
  celebrated their heritage of traditional African
  culture and values.

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Ghana former British colony1957

• Revolutionary Leader Kwame Nkumah
• Nkrumahs Tactics
• Organized boycotts and strikes
• Reforms
• Expensive Health, education, welfare programs
• Dreamed of United States of Africa
• Problems he faced
• Overthrown by a coup in 1966
• Political Economic Instability since then

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Kwami Nkrumah
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Current President of Ghana Professor John Atta
Mills
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Kenya Former British Colony 1963

• Tactics used by the Mau-Mau
• Frighten whites forced them out of the northern
  highlands
• Kenyattas Reforms
• Tried to unite ethnic language groups
• Develop businesses
• Resulting Problems
• Civil Unrest under next leader, Daniel arap Moi

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MZEE JOMO KENYATTA 1ST PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC
OF KENYA
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Current President of KenyaMwai Kibaki

• The International Crimes Court is currently
  investigating the widespread civil unrest in
  Kenya and allegations of corruption and
  violations of human rights.
• Current warnings against travel to Kenya have
  been issued through the U.S. State Department.

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Zaire, 1960 (Democratic Republic of Congo)

• Former colony of Belgium
• Gained independence by Granted suddenly by
  Belgium
• Mobutus rule was Brutal Corrupt.
• Resulting problems
• Depleted resources
• Extreme Poverty
• Social Unrest He was overthrown by Laurent
  Kabila in 1997. Kabila was assassinated in 2001.
  His son, Joseph Kabila, took power.

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Mobutu Sese Seko
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Laurent Kabila Joseph Kabila
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Algeria Former colony of France 1962

• Gained independence by
• FLN (Algerian Natl Liberation Front) fought
  against France for their independence.
• Ben Bellas Program
• Attempted to form a socialist state but was
  overthrown by a coup in 1965
• Problems
• Unsuccessful attempts to industrialize
• High Unemployment
• Rise of Fundamentalist Islamists
• Continuing civil unrest

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Ahmed Ben Bella
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Current President of AlgeriaAbdelaziz Bouteflika

• Elected in 2004 after all other candidates
  dropped out.

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Angola Former colony of Portugal 1975

• Gained independence by Fought against Portugal
• Causes of their civil war
• Communist rebel group MPLA declared itself the
  rightful ruler of independent Angola. They were
  supported by Cuba USSR
• UNITA rebel group fought against MPLA with
  support from the USA
• Continuing problems
• Civil war continued until 2002.

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José Eduardo dos Santos

• President of Angola since l979.
• His son is Vice President.