Notes: Chromosomes and Chromosome Disorders - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Notes: Chromosomes and Chromosome Disorders

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Notes: Chromosomes and Chromosome Disorders Characteristics Chromosomes are long, threadlike groups of genes made up of DNA; found in the nucleus. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Notes: Chromosomes and Chromosome Disorders


1
Notes Chromosomesand Chromosome Disorders
2
Characteristics
  • Chromosomes are long, threadlike groups of genes
    made up of DNA found in the nucleus.
  • Chromosomes are always an even number
  • Examples Humans 46
  • Dogs 78
  • Mosquitoes 6
  • Goldfish 94
  • Each chromosome has many genes on it!

3
Human Chromosomes
  • Each person has 46 chromosomes
  • (23 from your mom and 23 from your dad)
  • 1. Autosomes first 22 pairs (44 total)
  • 2. Sex Chromosomes 23rd pair (2 total)
  • XX female
  • XY male

4
Amniocentesis
  • One way to detect genetic defects is to obtain
    fetal cells through a needle inserted in the
    amniotic sac of a pregnant woman.

5
Karyotype
  • A method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell
    in relation to size.
  • It is a tool used to help detect genetic defects

6
Mutations
  • Downs syndrome extra 21 chromosome mental
    deficiencies, short stature, short wide neck,
    stocky arms and legs, sterile.
  • Turners syndrome XO (females with only one X)
    they are shorter than normal.
  • Klinefleters syndrome XXY (males with an
    extra X chromosome) they are taller than normal.
  • Cri-du-chat (French for Cry of the Cat). Missing
    part of chromosome 5. When babies are born with
    this they sound like a cat crying. Downward slant
    to the eyes, Low birth weight, mental
    deficiencies, Skin tags just in front of the ear,
    small head, small jaw, Wide-set eyes

7
What disorder?Male or female?
  • Cri-du chat

8
What disorder?Male or female?
  • Downs syndrome
  • Female

9
What disorderMale or female?
Turners syndrome Female
Sisters.one with Turners syndrome
10
What disorder?Male or female?
  • Kleinfelters Syndrome
  • male
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