Chapter 2: Foundations of Government

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Bellringer 5 August 19th, 2015
Question What ideals form the basis of the U.S.
government and the American way of life?
American Ideals

• Freedom
• Equality

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Section 2 Who Are U.S. Citizens?

• The Main Idea
• Throughout history, immigrants have brought their
  languages, ideas, beliefs, hopes, and customs to
  the United States. Their ways of life are
  constantly mixing with and influencing the
  culture of Americans who came before.
• Reading Focus
• Who are Americans, and from where did they
  come?
• What changes have occurred in U.S. immigration
  policy since the early 1800s?
• How does a person become a U.S. citizen?

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Americans Are From Everywhere
Section 2 Who Are U.S. Citizens?

• Melting Pot
• Immigrants, people who came here from other
  countries, entered the nation (the pot) and
  adopted American customs and blended into
  American society
• Salad Bowl
• Immigrants entered the nation and did NOT adopted
  American customs or blended into American society
  
• Think of a salad

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Americans Are From Everywhere

• Which image do you think is (more) accurate?
• The Melting Pot or The Salad Bowl?
• Discuss with your partners

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North Americas earliest inhabitants
Section 2 Who Are U.S. Citizens?

• People from Siberia settled in North America
  12,00040,000 years ago.
• A.D. 1000Vikings arrived but did not settle in
  North America.

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North Americas earliest inhabitants (Cont)
Section 2 Who Are U.S. Citizens?

• 1492Christopher Columbus claimed land for Spain.
• Spanish, French, British, Dutch, Swedish, and
  Africans (slaves) settled in America.

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Changes in U.S. immigration policy
Section 2 Who Are U.S. Citizens?

• 1880srestrictions placed on immigration in
  response to wage issues
• Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
• 1920sLimits on yearly immigration quotas set
  for particular countries
• What is happening during this time in America?

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Changes in U.S. immigration policy
Section 2 Who Are U.S. Citizens?

• Immigration Act of 1990cap set at 675,000
  immigrants per year
• Law also give preferences to three groups of
  people
• Husbands, wives, and children of US citizens
• People who have valuable job skills
• Aliens- permanent residents of the United States
• Refugees are not subject to the immigration cap.

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Becoming a U.S. Citizen
Section 2 Who Are U.S. Citizens?

• Citizen by Birth- Native Born
• Citizen by Naturalization
• Legal process through which immigrants become
  U.S. Citizens

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Becoming a U.S. Citizen
Section 2 Who Are U.S. Citizens?

• Legal Alien
• Citizens of another country who are in the US to
  work or attend school and MUST always carry
  proper documentation with them Green Card
• Illegal Immigrants
• Citizens of another country who are in the US
  WITHOUT proper documentation
• Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
• Legalized undocumented residents who met certain
  requirements in an attempt to reduce the flow of
  illegal immigration

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How U.S. citizenship benefits people
Section 2 Who Are U.S. Citizens?

• Freedom is protected by laws.
• Citizens are eligible for government services.