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Students Get hand-out Transport tomorrow Test corrections due Wednesday average: 23 (of 36) Range: 12 33 We will be moving QUICKLY through these 2 units! – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Students


1
  • Students
  • Get handout Ch 40-32 ppt
  • Lab
  • Full write-up
  • Due Monday
  • Test info
  • AVG 11.8 (65.7)
  • Range 5 17
  • Corrections due Monday
  • Most missed
  • A B
  • 5 11
  • 6 2
  • 11 8
  • Phones in binoff or mutedplease thank you

2
Chapter 32 An Introduction to Animal Diversity
  • What is an animal?
  • Multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryote
    ingestion
  • Structural support from structural proteins NOT
    cell walls
  • Nervous tissue muscle tissue for impulse
    conduction movement
  • Sexual reproduction with motile sperm swimming to
    non-motile egg
  • How did animals evolve?
  • - Current animal development

3
Figure 32.2 Early embryonic development in
animals (layer 1)
Cleavage cell division w/out cytokinesis - More
cells but same total volume no cell growth
4
Figure 32.2 Early embryonic development in
animals (layer 2)
Blastula hollow ball of cells -coel opening
or cavity
5
Figure 32.2 Early embryonic development in
animals (layer 3)
Ectoderm outside layer Endoderm inside layer
Gastrulation movement of cells to form 2
layers Blastopore opening where cells move into
6
Chapter 32 An Introduction to Animal Diversity
  • What is an animal?
  • Multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryote
    ingestion
  • Structural support from structural proteins NOT
    cell walls
  • Nervous tissue muscle tissue for impulse
    conduction movement
  • Sexual reproduction with motile sperm swimming to
    non-motile egg
  • How did animals evolve?
  • Current animal development
  • Current hypothesis

7
Figure 32.4 One hypothesis for the origin of
animals from a flagellated protist
8
Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form
Function
Evolutionary convergence in fast swimmers
9
Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form
Function
  • What is an animal?
  • How did animals evolve?
  • How has exchange with the environment evolved?
  • Simple diffusion from direct contact w/
    environment
  • To internal exchange thru moist medium

10
Figure 40.3 Contact with the environment
11
Figure 40.4 Internal exchange surfaces of complex
animals
12
Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form
Function
  • What is an animal?
  • How did animals evolve?
  • How has exchange with the environment evolved?
  • Simple diffusion from direct contact w/
    environment
  • To internal exchange thru moist medium
  • 4. Reminderwhat is the hierarchy of biological
    organization?
  • Atoms?molecules?organelles?cells?tissues?organs?o
    rgan systems
  • 5. What is a tissue what are the 4 types?
  • Group of cells in a matrix with a common
    structure function
  • Epithelial
  • Tightly packed sheets that cover the body, line
    organs cavities w/in the body
  • Involved with secretion absorption
  • Connective
  • Binds supports other tissues
  • 3 kinds - collagenous, elastic, reticular
  • Muscular
  • Long cells made of contractile proteins (actin
    myosin)
  • 3 kinds - skeletal, smooth, cardiac
  • Nervous

13
Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form
Function
  • What is an animal?
  • How did animals evolve?
  • How has exchange with the environment evolved?
  • Reminderwhat is the hierarchy of biological
    organization?
  • What is a tissue what are the 4 types?
  • What is metabolism?
  • All of the chemical rxns within an organism
  • Catabolism hydrolysis breaks bonds releases
    energy exergonic
  • Anabolism dehydration rxns forms bonds
    requires energy endergonic

14
Figure 40.7 Bioenergetics of an animal an
overview
15
Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form
Function
  • What is an animal?
  • How did animals evolve?
  • How has exchange with the environment evolved?
  • Reminderwhat is the hierarchy of biological
    organization?
  • What is a tissue what are the 4 types?
  • What is metabolism?
  • All of the chemical rxns within an organism
  • Catabolism hydrolysis breaks bonds releases
    energy exergonic
  • Anabolism dehydration rxns forms bonds
    requires energy endergonic
  • 7. What is homeostasis how is it achieved?
  • - Steady state
  • Negative feedback
  • the response is in the opposite direction of the
    stimulus

16
Figure 40.11 A nonliving example of negative
feedback control of room temperature
Set point is maintained
17
Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form
Function
  • What is an animal?
  • How did animals evolve?
  • How has exchange with the environment evolved?
  • Reminderwhat is the hierarchy of biological
    organization?
  • What is a tissue what are the 4 types?
  • What is metabolism?
  • What is homeostasis how is it achieved?
  • Steady state
  • Negative feedback
  • the response is in the opposite direction of the
    stimulus
  • Positive feedback
  • Response stimulus are in the same direction
  • 8. What are the 2 types of thermoregulation?
  • Ectothermic heat metabolism based on
    environment
  • Endothermic heat metabolism regulated
    internally

18
Figure 40.12 The relationship between body
temperature and environmental temperature in an
aquatic endotherm and ectotherm
19
Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form
Function
  1. What is an animal?
  2. How did animals evolve?
  3. How has exchange with the environment evolved?
  4. Reminderwhat is the hierarchy of biological
    organization?
  5. What is a tissue what are the 4 types?
  6. What is metabolism?
  7. What is homeostasis how is it achieved?
  8. What are the 2 types of thermoregulation?

20
Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form
Function
  • What is an animal?
  • How did animals evolve?
  • How has exchange with the environment evolved?
  • Reminderwhat is the hierarchy of biological
    organization?
  • What is a tissue what are the 4 types?
  • What is metabolism?
  • What is homeostasis how is it achieved?
  • What are the 2 types of thermoregulation?
  • How can organisms exchange heat within their
    bodies?
  • - Countercurrent heat exchange

21
Figure 40.15 Countercurrent heat exchangers
22
Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form
Function
  • What is an animal?
  • How did animals evolve?
  • How has exchange with the environment evolved?
  • Reminderwhat is the hierarchy of biological
    organization?
  • What is a tissue what are the 4 types?
  • What is metabolism?
  • What is homeostasis how is it achieved?
  • What are the 2 types of thermoregulation?
  • How can organisms exchange heat within their
    bodies?
  • How do we achieve homeostasis for body
    temperature?
  • -insulation (fat, hair, etc.)
  • -circulatory adapations (vasodilation/vasoconstric
    tion)
  • -evaporative cooling (sweating/panting)
  • -behavioral responses

23
Figure 40.21 The thermostat function of the
hypothalamus in human thermoregulation
24
Chapter 40 Basic Principles of Animal Form
Function
  • What is an animal?
  • How did animals evolve?
  • How has exchange with the environment evolved?
  • Reminderwhat is the hierarchy of biological
    organization?
  • What is a tissue what are the 4 types?
  • What is metabolism?
  • What is homeostasis how is it achieved?
  • What are the 2 types of thermoregulation?
  • How do organisms exchange heat with their
    environment?
  • How do we achieve homeostasis for body
    temperature?
  • How do animals thermoregulate in temperature
    extremes?
  • Torpor physiological state in which activity is
    low
  • metabolism is decreased
  • Hibernation winter bears, Beldings ground
    squirrels
  • Estivation summer many reptiles, bees

25
Figure 40.22 Body temperature and metabolism
during hibernation in Beldings ground squirrels
Additional metabolism that would be necessary to
stay active in winter
200
Actual metabolism
100
Metabolic rate (kcal per day)
0
Arousals
35
Body temperature
30
25
20
Temperature (C)
15
10
5
Outside temperature
0
Burrow temperature
-5
-10
-15
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