Chapter 15 Atmosphere

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Chapter 15Atmosphere
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• 15.1 Earths Atmosphere
• Composition
• 1. Gas (78 N2, 21 O2)
• 2. Solids Liquids
• - Dust, salt and water

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• Structure
• 2 lower layers
• 1. Troposphere
• - Closest to ground ( 10 miles high)
• - Contains most gas and water vapor
• - Where weather occurs
• 2. Stratosphere
• - 2nd layer (10-30 miles high)
• - Contains ozone layer

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• Ozone layer
• - Shield absorbs UV rays
• - CFCs destroy ozone

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• 3 Upper layers
• 3. Mesosphere
• - Coldest layer (-130 F) (31-50
  miles high)
• - Meteors burn up (shooting star)

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• 4. Thermosphere
• - Hottest layer (440 F)
• - Aurora occur here
• - Contains Ionosphere (charged particles)
• - 50-400 miles high
• - Space Shuttle ISS orbit here

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• 5. Exosphere
• - Uppermost part of Earth
• - Space is after
• - 400-40,00 miles high

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• Atmospheric Pressure
• - Most dense at sea level
• - Barometer- Measures air pressure

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• Temperature
• - Atmosphere divided into layers by
  temperature

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• 15.2 Energy from Sun
• Energy Transfer
• Radiation
• - Transfer energy by electromanetic
  waves
• - Light heat Ex) Fire, Sun

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• Conduction
• - Heat transfers as molecules collide
• Convection
• - Heat transfer through gas or liquid
• Ex. Dryer, Oven
• Water
• Hydrosphere
• - All water on Earths surface
• - 97 is salt water
• - Most fresh water is in polar ice caps

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• Water Cycle
• - Movement of water between Earth atmosphere
• 15.3 Air Movement
• Wind Formation
• - Uneven heating of Earth
• - High pressure follows low
• Coriolis effect
• - Caused by Earths rotation
• - Northern Hemisphere- Water air move
  counter clockwise (move right)
• - Southern Hemisphere- Water air move
• clockwise (move left)

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• Wind Systems
• 1. Sea breeze (Day) - Wind blowing from sea
• to land
• 2. Land breeze (Night) - Wind blowing from
• land to sea
• 3. Jet stream- Belts of strong wind in upper
  
• troposphere
• 4. Prevailing Westerlies- Move most weather
  in
• USA- west to east
• 5. Doldrums- Windless area at equator

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Global Temperatures
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Global wind patterns