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GLOBAL 9 REVIEW PART DEUX

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Title: GLOBAL 9 REVIEW PART DEUX


1
GLOBAL 9 REVIEW PART DEUX
2
RENAISSANCE
  • Humanism interest in worldly subjects, ancient
    Greece and Rome, man and his accomplishments,
    shown in paintings and sculpture of human body

3
Art
  • Leonardo, Michelangelo, wealth from trade,
    growing middle class, patrons such as Medici
    family support arts

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6
Literature
  • Shakespeare, Machiavellis The Prince end
    justifies the means, example for future political
    power

7
Technology
  • Gutenbergs printing press, increases literacy,
    education, cultural diffusion

8
Science
  • Galileo heliocentric theory (trial by RCC)
  • Copernicus
  • Newton gravity

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10
Reformation
  • Lutheranism protested indulgences and
    worldliness with 95 Theses
  • Calvinism Switzerland, predestination
  • Anglican Henry VIII, England, wants church
    lands, not to answer to pope
  • Catholic Counter Ref. attempt of RCC to win
    back followers, stops indulgences, Council of
    Trent

11
EXPLORATION
  • Asia search for spices and military power lead
    to trading empires
  • by 1600s, China, Korea, Japan limiting trade,
    growing isolated

12
Latin America
  • After 1492, Columbus inspired other explorers to
    travel to the New World

13
Early Latin American Civs.
  • Inca common language, complex road system in
    Andes Mts. Empire, conquered by Pizarro
  • Aztec central Mex. advanced civ. Tenochtitlan
    capital, conquered by Cortes
  • Maya southern Mex. Central Am., great palaces
    and pyramids

14
Conquest of Latin America
  • Conquistadores Spanish conquerors motivated by
    3G, also had guns, armor, horse, disease

15
Social classes
  • Power came from Spain and influence of Roman
    Catholic Church
  • Peninsulares
  • Creoles
  • Mestizo / mulatto
  • Native Americans/ Africans

16
Columbian Exchange
  • Global Exchange of people, food, plants, animals,
    technology and disease between N. and S. America,
    Europe, Africa
  • Increased trade encouraged growth of capitalism
  • Joint stock companies gathered for overseas
    voyages
  • Mercantilism increased national wealth of
    colonial powers
  • Middle class growing wealthier

17
Absolutism
  • Divine right power of monarch comes from God
  • Louis XIV Sun King absolute ruler,
    Versailles, wars leave France in debt
  • Phillip II Catholic king of Spain, Spanish
    Armada, Century of Gold

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Absolutism continued
  • Elizabeth I daughter of Henry VIII, England
    united and stable, tolerates Protestant and
    Catholics, Renaissance, Shakespeare, defeats
    Span. Armada
  • Peter the Great westernization of Russia, St.
    Petersberg, port on Baltic Sea
  • Catherine the Great also Romanov, wins warm
    water port on Black Sea, partitions Poland

20
PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACYIN ENGLAND
  • Evolves over 100s of years
  • STUARTS believe in divine right
  • CIVIL WAR Charles I vs. Cromwell and Puritans
    of Parliament, Puritans win, Charles I executed
    for treason
  • CROMWELL/PURITAN REV. Cromwell rules
    Commonwealth as a dictator, dies ? Restoration of
    monarch

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GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
  • James II flees England when William and Mary sign
    Bill of Rights 1689, finally making Parliament
    stronger than king
  • LIMITED MONARCHY ? ROAD TO DEMOCRACY

23
ENLIGHTENMENT
  • Natural rights govts should protect rights of
    all humans (life, liberty, prop.)
  • Democracy govt by the people better than
    absolutism
  • Laissez-faire capitalism govt should let
    business run itself, free market, supply and
    demand

24
ENLIGHTENMENT (cont)
  • LOCKE natural rights, people have right to
    overthrow abusive govt
  • ROUSSEAU equality, govt by will of majority
  • VOLTAIRE freedom of speech, rel., press
  • MONTESQUIEU govt separated into 3 branches, so
    none become too powerful
  • SMITH laissez-faire capitalism

25
FRENCH REVOLUTION
  • Causes absolutism, Enlight. Ideas, inspiration
    from Am. and Eng. Revs, social inequality,
    resentment of 1st 2nd Estate privileges,
    taxation of 3rd Estate, econ. Crisis
  • Stages Estates General meets ? National
    Assembly? Reign of Terror? Directory? Napoleon

26
NAPOLEON
  • Conquered most of Europe, spread ideas of French
    Rev (liberty, equality, fraternity, nationalism)
  • Napoleonic Code before the law

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Effects
  • Execution of king and queen, end of absolutism,
    more social equality, end of privileges for
    nobility, power shifts from king and nobles to
    bourgeoisie, rel. toleration, inspiration for
    other seeking change (Latin Am.)
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