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UNIT 4 Defining

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Title: UNIT 4 Defining

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UNIT 4Defining Explaining

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TRANSLATION

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TRANSLATION

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TRANSLATION

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EXERCISE (prep)

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Exercise

Strength is the main property that steel offers.
The process which/that is known as polymerization
consists of joining different polymers of/from
which plastics are made.
Electrons, the electrical charge of which is
negative, are the responsible particles for the
production of electricity.
The high speeds at which the rotor in a generator
turns produce large amounts of electricity.
An electrolytic cell is the place where/in which
the electrolytic process takes place.
The discovery of semiconductors allowed the mass
production of chips, which reduced the cost of
computers significantly.
Lead whose symbol is Pb, is the heaviest metal.
There are many different ways in which we may
change the properties of materials.

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Exercise (shortened R.C.)

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WHAT vs WHICH

The mixture of copper and tin is WHAT is known as
bronze, WHICH was probably the first alloy used
by man.
We need to benefit from solar energy, WHICH is
difficult in some countries.
They were not surprised at WHAT this device can
detect, because they knew WHAT to expect.
The maintenance engineers did WHAT they could,
WHICH wasn't much.
Many companies dont know WHAT to do with their
waste, WHICH makes for serious environmental
problems.
He is familiar with several programming
languages, WHICH makes him suitable for the job.
We dont know WHAT caused the accident in the
power plant.
WHAT goes up must come down.
It doesnt matter WHAT you do, the system wont
work properly anyway.
I am sure that WHAT the technicians say is
correct, but we should look for better
alternatives to provide clean energy.

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LISTENING Alloys

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LISTENING Alloys

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LISTENING2 Alloys

The properties of an alloy DEPEND ON THE
PROPERTIES OF THE METALS OR NON METALS THAT IT
CONTAINS. Indeed they are usually a combination
of their properties. But often the alloy
possesses the properties of the original elements
to a different extent
For example, there is an alloy of ALUMINIUM
CONTAINING IRON THAT IS EVEN MORE MAGNETIC THAN
PURE IRON
The usual method OF MAKING AN ALLOY is to heat
the component elements UNTIL THEY MELT then to
mix them thoroughly
Thus, an alloy is a solution RATHER THAN A SIMPLE
MIXTURE
As you know, the properties of a solution are not
simply A MIXTURE OF THE PROPERTIES OF ITS
COMPONENTS
Water for example FREEZES AT 0ºC and sodium
chloride MELTS AT 801ºC,
but if sodium chloride is dissolved in water to
form a strong solution of saltTHIS SOLUTION
FREEZES AT 23ºC.
In fact, as a general rule, A SOLUTION FREEZES AT
A LOWER TEMPERATURE THAN ITS COMPONENTS DO
And since alloys are SOLID SOLUTIONS
it should not surprise you to learn thatTHEY
BEHAVE IN A SIMILAR WAY
an alloy usually has A LOWER MELTING POINT than
the substances OF WHICH IT IS COMPOSED.
For example, PURE IRON MELTS AT 1,500ºC and
carbon at 3,350ºC,
but cast iron, AN ALLOY OF IRON CARBON, melts
at 1,150ºC.

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CORRECT MISTAKES

The properties of an alloy depend on the
materials that IT contains.
Electrons orbiting farther from the nucleus are
easily drawn away.
An electrolytic cell is the place in which
ELECTROLYSIS takes place.
Alloying is a process in which several metals are
involved (in it).
Steel is an alloy WHOSE composition consists of
carbon and iron.
Go on with what you were doing.
A compiler is the name GIVEN to the software that
(it) translates a program into machine code.
Conductors are materials THROUGH WHICH
electricity can flow
The mixture of copper and zinc is called brass,
WHICH (it) is the most common non-ferrous alloy.
Metals can be heated to a certain temperature
above (of) which their properties change.
The temperature AT WHICH iron melts is 1,550ºC.
The amount of electricity generated depends on
the speed AT WHICH THE ROTOR turns.

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USES of THAT

Relative pronoun (THAT or WHICH)
e.g. The materials THAT /WHICH are used in
structures must be very strong
Conjunction THAT (after vbs such as TO SAY, TO
STATE, TO KNOW THAT).
E.g. She said THAT it was raining
Adj N /Pronoun THIS/THESE ( N)lt-gt THAT /
THOSE ( N)
e.g. Iron is commonly used in engineering.
This/That (material) is alloyed with other metals
e.g. Zinc and nickel are very strong. These/Those
(materials) are commonly used in alloys

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USES of THAT

Pronoun
- El/Los (pronoun) ADJECTIVE the one / the
ones. E.g.I like the blue bag but not THE RED
ONE
El/Los (pronoun) OF/ Short Rel Clause
(typically used with comparison) (el que/el de)
THAT/THOSE OF/short REL CL
The density of iron is higher than THAT OF zinc
la densidad del hierro es mayor que la (densidad)
del cinc
The results are better than THOSE presented last
year los resultados son mejores los (resultados)
que presentamos el año pasado

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EXERCISE Uses of THAT