Chapters 22 and 23

1
Chapters 22 and 23

• 3rd conjugation future tense
• Formation of Adverbs
• Ablative of Accompaniment

2
Learning Targets

• Gain awareness and understanding of the future
  tense for 3rd conjugation
• 3rd and 4th conjugation verbs have a different
  pattern from 1st and 2nd conjugation
• Learn how adverbs are formed in Latin.
• Understand how the ablative of accompaniment
  differs from the ablative of means, as well as
  how to use the ablative of accompaniment.

3
Future Tense in 1st and 2nd Conjugation

• How is future tense shown in 1st and 2nd
  conjugation? What is the sign that is added to
  the stem of a word?

4
Future Tense in 3rd Conjugation

• In 3rd conjugation, the bi- tense sign is NOT
  used.
• The sign for future tense in the 3rd conjugation
  is e in place of the stem vowel.
• Exceptions
• 1st person singular uses (short) a and ends with
  m (-am)
• 3rd person (sing. and plural) have a SHORT e as
  the sign

5
3rd Conjugation - Future

• ponam ponemus
• pones ponetis
• ponet ponent
• N.B (note bene good note)
• Be CAREFUL it can be easy to confuse the future
  tense of the 3rd conjugation with the present
  tense of 2nd conjugation they look a lot alike.
• You MUST know to which conjugation a verb
  belongs.
• Present tense (for comparison)
• Pono ponimus
• Ponis ponitis
• ponit ponunt

6
3rd conjugation futureponam ponemuspones
ponetisponet ponent

• Compare to Present Tense of 2nd conjugation
• Doceo docemus
• Doces docetis
• Docet decent

7
Latin Notebook 22 and 23

• Make your notebook pages with vocabulary section
  and grammar notes
• KNOW your vocabulary words WELL!!!!! Add words
  to your Words I Need to Study List
• Make Flashcards and USE THEM
• Create a Grammar Concepts I Need to Know List
  build questions from this list!

8
Adjectives

• Are used to modify ___________?
• What is the adjective rule in Latin?

• Adverbs
• Are used to modify ___________?

9
Chapter 23 Forming Adverbs

• Adverbs are formed from 1st and 2nd declension
  adjectives by adding e to the base. How would
  you get the base of an adjective?
• clarus, clara, clarum clare
• liber, libera, liberum libere
• pulcher, pulchra, pulchre
• pulchrum

10
Review - Ablative of Means

• Ablative of Means Is used to show what you use
  to accomplish something
• Litteris victoriam nuntiant.
• By means of letter, by letter, or with letter
• Armis pugnaverunt.
• With arms, by means of arms
• Does one form (by, by means of, or with) fit
  one sentence better than another?

11
Accompaniment

• What does accompaniment mean?
• She went to the audition, accompanied by her
  mother.
• He traveled to Britain, accompanied by his older
  brother.

12
Ablative of Accompaniment

• When you want to express the idea of
  accompaniment (someone doing something along with
  you), you use the ablative case for the noun
  which is accompanying, along with the preposition
  cum
• Cum servis pugnat he is fighting with the
  slaves.
• This use of the ablative of accompaniment ALWAYS
  involves a person!

13
Vocabulary-22

• Dea, -ae (f) goddess
• Deus, -i (m) god
• Otium, oti (n) leisure, peace
• Studium, -i (n) eagerness,interest
• pl. studies
• Commodus, -a, -um suitable, convenient
• Varius, -a, -um changing, various
• Dico, dicere, dixi, dictus say, tell (sing.
  imper. Is irregular dic
• Fugio, fugere, fugi, fugiturus flee, run away
• Valeo, valere, valui, valiturus be strong or well
• Ita so

14
Vocabulary Ch. 23

• Firmus, -a, -um strong, firm
• Perpetuus, -a, -um constant
• Afficio, afficere, affeci, affectus affect,
  afflict with
• Gero, gerere, gessi, gestus carry on, wage
• Incipio, incipere, incepi, inceptus take on,
  begin
• Cum ( abl) with