Scatology

1
Scatology
2
Scatology

• Study of output
• Also called coprology
• From what comes out you get a pretty good idea of
  what when in!!!!!

3
Allusion in Music
4
Beethoven and Mozart
5
Weber and Beethoven
6
Stravinsky and Lithuania
7
Stravinsky and Lithuania II
8
Bruckner and Schubert
9
Beethoven, Schumann, Liszt, Spohr, and Wagner
10
Beethoven and Mozart II
11
Mahler and Handel
12
Beethoven and Handel
13
Various composers over time
14
Ur-motive over 200 years
15
Berlioz and Haydn
16
Interesting tune
17
Source
18
Chopins variation technique
19
Algorithmic composition
20
Beethoven
21
Mozart sources for algo. ex.
22
Sorcerer output example
23
What can allusions mean?
24
Bachs fugue 4
25
Bachs hidden motive
26
Mendelssohn/Wagner/Mahler
27
Haydn/Beethoven/Mahler
28
Finding musical allusions
29
Intervals work best
30
Incremental works best
31
Rhythm matching
32
Finding allusions

• Locating repeating patterns
• Pattern matching a staple of artificial
  intelligence
• Often called pattern recognition
• Origins in set theory in mathematics
• Finding patterns in math can be quite different
  than finding them in music.

33
Pattern Matching code

• No user-given pattern
• Segmentation (incremental)
• Controllers (variables)
• Too wide noise
• Types of variations?
• Too narrow no patterns
• Self-adjusting??

34
Types of variations

• Transposition
• Inversion
• Retrograde
• Inversion-retrograde
• Interpolated notes
• Excised notes
• Equivalent sets

35
Set Theory

• Pattern matching for contemporary music.
• Note that many musical/math set processes do not
  have corresponding counterparts!

36
Mathematical set theory

• Set 45,15,17
• Curly brackets
• Typically unordered

37
Mathematical set theory

• ? is an element of
• ? is not an element of
• ? is a proper subset of
• ? is a subset of
• ? is not a subset of
• ? the empty set a set with no elements
• ? union
• ? intersection

38
Mathematics and Sets

• Example of a set proof
• A ? (B ? C) (A ? B) ? (A ? C)

39
Venn Diagrams help!
40
Musical set theory

• Set 9,3,5
• Brackets
• Ordered or unordered
• Modulo 12 (pitch classes)
• Ordered version of above 9,3,5
• Normal (unordered/smallest) version of above
  3,5,9
• Prime version (unordered/invertible) of above
  0,2,6

41
Music and Sets

• The same set
• 0,3,7 0,3,7 0,3,7

42
The same set
43
Cellular automata
44
Cellular automata

• An example rule set
• 8 possible ways to set upper patterns (23)
• 256 possible rule sets (28)
• Follows Steven Wolframs model in a New Kind of
  Science (NKS)

45
Sequence of steps

• Time downward (one dimensional?)

46
Rule 30
47
Rule 90
48
Rule 110
49
In color

• Rule 30
• Rule 110

50
More about A New Kind of Science
51
Conways Game of Life
52
Conways Life Rules

• 1.Any live cell with fewer than two live
  neighbors dies, as if by loneliness.
• 2.Any live cell with more than three live
  neighbors dies, as if by overcrowding.
• 3.Any live cell with two or three live neighbors
  lives, unchanged, to the next generation.
• 4.Any dead cell with exactly three live neighbors
  comes to life.

53
Many different patterns

• Gosper Glider Gun
• Diehard Acorn

54
Game of Life

• Many available programs
• Both on site and downloadable
• Thousands of named figures
• Many that refigure infinitely
• Called two dimensional

55
Growth and Diminishment
56
Genetic Algorithms
57
Genetic Algorithms

• Definition
• a computer simulation in which a population of
  abstract representations (called chromosomes,
  genotype, or genome) of candidate solutions
  (called individuals, creatures, or phenotypes) to
  an optimization problem evolves toward better
  solutions.
• Basics
• A genetic representation of the solution domain,
• A fitness function to evaluate the solution
  domain.
• Along the way
• crossover and mutation
• Until
• a solution is found that satisfies minimum
  criteria

58
(No Transcript)
59
Genotype and Phenotype
60
Karl Sims

• Evolved Virtual Creatures
• Not an animation
• Evolved objects in motion
• Encased in various media (water, air, etc.)
• With gravity

61
Evolved Virtual Creatures
62
Object Oriented Programming

• Called OOP
• Paradigm change from FP (functional programming)
• Classes
• Instances
• Methods
• Inheritance
• Encapsulation
• Abstraction
• Polymorphism

63
GoF

• Gang of Four
• Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, and
  John Vlissides
• Design Patterns Elements of Reusable
  Object-Oriented Software
• Now in its 36th printing
• 23 classic software design patterns

64
CLOS

• Common Lisp Object System
• (defclass name (inheritance superclasses)
• (defmethod
• GUI (menus, windows, buttons, etc.)
• Platform and program dependent

65
Bits and Pieces

• mapcar
• (mapcar 'first '((a 1)(b 2))) (A B)
• Loop
• (loop for event in ((0 60 1000 1 127)(1000 62
  1000 1 127))
• collect (second event))
• (60 62)
• setf (simple object system)
• ? (setq x 'b)
• B
• ? (setf (get 'color x) 'blue)
• BLUE
• ? (get 'color x)
• BLUE

66
Assignment

• Read Chapter 4 of CMMC
• Begin work in earnest on your final project
• Get all past homework in or else!!
• Enjoy life, you only get so much time.