Lie to Me

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Lie to MeReally?

• Paul Dallas, M.D.

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Disclosures

• Listed in syllabus
• Stocks in some companies
• Not relevant to this talk
• Getting less conflicted

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Case

• 38 yo male with abd pain and fever
• Tender abd with mass CT with abd abscess
• Admitted to heroin addiction
• Tearfully committed to quitting
• Certainly he was not truthful
• Wifes tearful confession/story

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Can we detect lying?

• We can sense it
• Dont trust him. Dont know why.
• That person has shifty eyes.
• Can we learn it?
• Can we teach it?
• Can we use it in medicine?

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Can we really detect lying?

• Microexpressions
• Word choice/content
• Neuro-ophtholinguistics
• Primary representational systems

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Microexpressions

• Paul Eckman, David Matsumoto, starting in mid
  70s
• Cultural similarities in facial expression
• Not taught but innate in humans
• Governed by emotions
• Training for law enforcement, TSA, defense
• 2 million dollar grants just to study

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Microexpressions

• Those facial expressions lasting less than a
  second
• Give clues to persons emotional state
• Emotional leakage(incontinence?)
• Not well controlled by individuals
• Recognizing micro requires recognizing standard
  expressions

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Seven Basic Emotions

• Fear
• Disgust
• Contempt
• Anger
• Sadness
• Surprise
• Happiness

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Seven Basic Emotions

• Need to know on what features of the face to
  concentrate
• Need to want to recognize them-own emotions play
  a role (So mad, I cant see straight.)
• Women are better at recognizing them
• People can be trained-much experience with this
  now. Knowing anatomy helps

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Fear
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Disgust
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Contempt
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Anger
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Sadness
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Surprise
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Happiness
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Smiles
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Smiles

• Facial Action Coding System(FACS), Eckman and
  Friesen
• Eyes lateral brow edges dip down, eye coverfold
  dips, lateral wrinkles
• Zygomaticus major pulls lateral edges of lips
  upward. Not risorious- lateral

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Risorius
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Zygomaticus Major
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Smiles
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Nasalis Transversus
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Nasalis Transverus

• Disgust
• Contempt
• Lust-frontalis, z. major
• Rejection
• Threat
• Anger
• Displeasure

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Nasalis Transversus
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Is this person lying?
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Content of Speech

• The cruelest lies are often told in
  silence.
• Robert Louis Stevenson

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Content of Speech

• Emotion commotion delayed, stays longer, fades
  quickly (surprise)
• Timing, words followed by emotion-I am so angry
  with you right now.
• Hand movements dont coincide with statements.
  May not point in the direction of speakers
  attention
• Contradiction/consistency of gestures/speech

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Content of Speech

• Using your own words to make the point R.A.
  Have you ever sold your drugs? I would never
  sell drugs.
• Contractions 60 chance of falsehood It wasnt
  me. vs It was not me.
• Give enough rope to hang-made up stories go on
  and on with silence
• Delay from yes/no to explanation-need to think up
  a lie perhaps

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Content of Speech

• Avoidance of words conveying attachment/ownership
  that car vs my car, that woman.
• Lack of syllable prolongation of courrse, nooo
• Vocal inflections absent
• Statements should not sound like questions
• Beware the preamble make no mistake, I wanna
  make it perfectly clear.

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Is this person lying?
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Neuroophtholinguistics

• Model for correlating the brain, the eyes and
  language
• John Grinder, Richard Bander, Robert Dilts
• Used in psychotherapy, sales, law
• Eye accessing cues are a part of this theory
• Some reproducible scientific basis
• Internally consistent in a person. Need to figure
  out baseline

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Eye Accessing Cues
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Eye Accessing Cues

• Eyes up and right non-dominant hemisphere
  visualization (remembered imagery)
• Eyes up and left dominant hemisphere
  visualization (constructed fantasy)
• Eyes lateral right non-dominant hemisphere
  auditory (remembered sounds)
• Eyes lateral left dominant hemisphere auditory
  processing (constructed sounds)
• Eyes down and right internal dialogue
  (self-talk)
• Eyes down and left feelings, both tactile and
  visceral (kinesthetic)
• Eyes straight, defocused, or dilated quick
  access to information, usually visual.

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Visual Remembered

• Think of the color of your car.
• Who were the first five people you saw this
  morning?
• What did you have for breakfast?

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Visual Constructed

• Imagine the top half of a white toy poodle and
  the bottom half of a green hippopotamus in one
  animal.
• Imagine being 10 feet above us looking down on
  this room.

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Auditory Remembered

• Think of one of your favorite songs.
• Think of the sound of your cars engine.

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Auditory Constructed

• Imagine the sound of your mothers voice changing
  into the sound of a steam engine whistle.
• Imagine the sounds of the intensive care unit
  changing into the sound of a peaceful flowing
  stream of water.

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Kinesthetic

• Imagine the feeling of petting a furry cat.
• When was the last time you felt really wet?
• Imagine feeling very angry.
• Imagine feeling very sad.

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Internal Dialogue

• Listen to the sound of your own voice.
• In what situations do you talk to yourself the
  most?
• What type of things do you say to yourself most
  often?

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Auditory Remembered
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Visual Remembered
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Kinesthetic
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Case 1

• What happened at the meeting yesterday?
• Several eye movements later.
• It went ok.

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Eye Motions

• 1 3
• 2 4

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Assessment

• He was visualizing people there. Where people
  were sitting
• He remembered someone saying something
• He was displeased, angry, disappointed (other
  emotion) with the discussion
• He discussed with himself what was appropriate to
  say to me

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Case 2

• Jill, are you excited about your marriage to
  Jack in several weeks?
• Yes, I love JackI really do.

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Eye motions

• 2
• 3

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Preferred sensory modality

• The sensory modality a person uses most when
  thinking
• Uses words to describe it I hear what youre
  saying. I see what you mean. I get it. I smell a
  rat.
• What is something that is really important to
  you? Think of it now.

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Primary Kinesthetic
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Primary Self Talk
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Primary Self Talk

• I believe.. I am disappointed We should discuss
  this

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Eye Accessing Cues

• Expected subconsciously-shifty eyes
• Bad actors-wrong cues good actors-right ones
• Psychotic pts-do they really remember their
  visual hallucinations?
• Have to look- Be aware (EPIC)

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Applications in Medicine

• Patient history- emotion where none should be
• Patient compliance
• Diversion of meds
• Medical education-what did the gram stain show?

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Limitations/Ethics

• Limits interaction with friends
• Emotional intuitiveness-helpful
• Emotional hacking-not helpful
• Much science still to explore
• Much more television to watch

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Further Reading

• Telling Lies clues to deceit in the marketplace,
  politics and marriage. Paul Eckman
• Emotions Revealed. Paul Eckman
• Never Be Lied to Again. David Lieberman
• The Structure of Magic. Bandler and Grinder
• Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H. Erickson.
  Bandler, Erickson and Delozier
• Neurolinguistic Programming. Dilts, Grinder,
  Bandler and DeLozier

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Questions?