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Shaping a New Nation

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Shaping a New Nation The United States after the Revolutionary War – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Shaping a New Nation


1
Shaping a New Nation
  • The United States after the Revolutionary War

2
F.O.A. (Bellwork)
Whats happening in this photo?
3
F.O.A. (Bellwork)
  • What would happen if the government could not tax
    us?
  • What if states could not be forced to provide
    soldiers for our protection?
  • What if there was no president?

4
Remember. . .
5
  • The Treaty of Paris had officially ended the
    Revolutionary War, and Britain was SUPPOSED to
    leave the new United States territories. . .
  • But because of the weaknesses of the Articles of
    Confederation, the new U.S. government was
    unstable and weak.

6
Articles of Confederation Weaknesses
  • Most power held by the states
  • Only one branch of government
  • The one legislative branch had very few powers
  • No judicial branch (Supreme Court)
  • No executive branch (President)
  • No system of checks and balances
  • Could not force states to provide soldiers for a
    national military
  • Could not tax (this was the states right)

7
Weakness Chart
8
Because the U.S. government was so weak. . .
  • It couldnt force British troops to leave the
    U.S.
  • Britain began passing tariffs (taxes on imports
    or exports) that the U.S. was forced to pay in
    order to trade
  • Britain and Spain both closed trade routes that
    the U.S. depended on

9
Assignment
  • Read Chapter 5, Section 1 (pages 152-155).
  • Answer 1-4 all parts on page 155.

10
F.O.A. (Bellwork)
What are your thoughts on this photo?
11
Reminder
  • Youll have a 15-20-question quiz on Thursday
    that will cover Chapter 5, Sections 1 and 2.
  • The quiz will be multiple choice.
  • Turn in your homework from last night. (Chapter
    5, Section 1 questions)
  • Youll have time today to finish your in-class
    assignment.

12
  • Because of the closed trade routes and high
    tariffs, many states began printing large amounts
    of money
  • Created inflation (money value decreases, prices
    of goods increase)

13
Depression
  • Period of low economic activity and high
    unemployment
  • Makes some people crazy and desperate

14
Shayss Rebellion
15
  • MA farmers were losing their farms because they
    couldnt pay their taxes
  • Daniel Shays and other farmers rebelled in order
    to save their farms
  • Rebellion went on for a long time because the
    national government had no army to put it down
  • Proved to many people that the U.S. needed a
    stronger national government

16
Assignment
  • Read Chapter 5, Section 2 (pages 158-162) and do
    1-4 all parts on page 162.

17
Constitutional Convention
  • Most Americans agreed that the national
    government under the Articles of Confederation
    was way too weak
  • Delegates arrived in Philadelphia in May, 1787 to
    discuss how to solve these issues

INDEPENDENCE HALL
18
The Major Issues
  • Every delegate thought changes needed to happen
    just didnt agree on how much
  • Representation in Congress
  • Slavery
  • How strong the new national government should be

19
Representation in Congress
  • How would representatives be chosen? Would
    larger states be allowed more representatives?
    Should everyone get the same amount of votes?
    Was there any way to compromise?

20
Large States Liked. . .
  • Edmund Randolphs Virginia Plan
  • Bicameral legislature (House and Senate)
  • Representation in both houses based on population

21
Small States Liked. . .
  • William Pattersons New Jersey Plan
  • Unicameral Congress (one house)
  • Each state got the same number of votes

22
The Great Compromise
23
  • Idea put forth by Roger Sherman of CT
  • Bicameral legislature (House and Senate)
  • Number of Representatives for each state based on
    population
  • Each state got two Senators
  • Virginia Plan
  • Bicameral
  • - Rep. based on pop.
  • New Jersey Plan
  • Unicameral
  • Equal Rep.
  • Great Compromise
  • Bicameral
  • Representatives based on population
  • - Equal number of senators

24
Slavery
  • In order to increase their representation,
    Southern states wanted to count slaves in their
    populations.
  • Northern states disagreed they did not want to
    count slaves in the population, but they did
    think that the South should have to pay taxes on
    them.

25
Three-Fifths Compromise
  • Slaves would count as 3/5 of a regular person.
    Taxes would be paid on all slaves.
  • The writers of the Constitution were very careful
    to not speak bad about slavery (this wouldve
    upset the South).

26
Other Ideas Found in the Constitution. . .
27
Popular Sovereignty
  • Sovereignty The ability to rule
  • Popular sovereignty means that political rule
    belongs to the people!

28
Federalism
  • The sharing of power between states and the
    federal government

29
Checks and Balances
  • Keeps any of the three branches of government
    from becoming too powerful

30
Federalists vs. AntifederalistsThe Bill of
Rights
31
A Little More Compromise. . .
  • First Great Compromise
  • Second Three-Fifths Compromise
  • New Question Just how strong is this new
    national government going to be?

OR
32
Federalists
  • Wanted a strong, powerful national govt
  • Defended their views in a series of articles
    called The Federalist Papers

33
WASHINGTON
FRANKLIN
MADISON
HAMILTON
34
Anti-Federalists
  • Were opposed to the Constitution for several
    different reasons
  • Didnt want a new govt (just a better one)
  • Thought new govt had way too much power
  • No section in the Const. that guaranteed certain
    rights

35
GEORGE MASON
PATRICK HENRY
JEFFERSON
SAM ADAMS
36
More Compromise, Please!
  • Both the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists
    published articles trying to persuade the
    American people
  • Each state voted on whether or not to ratify
    (pass) the Constitution
  • Only 9 states needed to ratify it but in order
    for it to really be effective, all 13 states
    needed to ratify it

37
The First State
  • Dec. 7, 1787 Delaware becomes the first state
    to ratify the Constitution

38
Compromise Made
  • Several states only agree to ratify the
    Constitution if a Bill of Rights were created
    to protect individual freedoms

39
Bill of Rights
  • 1st 10 amendments (official changes) to the
    Constitution
  • Set a clear example of how to adjust or change
    the Constitution to reflect the wishes of the
    people

40
Remember. . .
  • What role did compromise play in the writing of
    the United States Constitution?
  • Representation Great Compromise
  • Slave Population Three-Fifths Compromise
  • Strong/Weak Government Federalists vs.
    Anti-Federalists
  • Protecting Freedoms Bill of Rights
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