Goal Setting

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The importance of settingstudent outcome goals
in reading

• Goals represent desired outcomes or targets
  toward which to strive.
• Goals shape our instructional effort and guide us
  toward our intended outcomes.
• Attainment of strong reading goals makes future
  school success more likely.
• Failure to attain reading goals puts students
  at-risk for future struggles in both school and
  work.

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Types of student reading goals Summative and
Formative Goals

• Summative goals address reading outcomes
• All students will read at grade level or higher
  each year, no later than grade 3, as measured by
  the OAKS assessment.
• All students in grades 4-12 will be proficient
  readers of grade level content across the
  instructional areas.

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Types of student reading goals Summative and
Formative Goals (continued)

• Formative goals address progress toward the
  longer term goal of reading at grade level or
  above
• Formative goals should be set for the skills that
  need to be achieved by a certain point in time
  (e.g., by the end of a grade).
• Thus, formative goals and the benchmarks that
  define them will differ by grade.

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Clear goals include

• Who (e.g., a group of students at a given grade
  level)
• Will do what
• score at a given level or above on an achievement
  measure
• make a certain amount of progress over previous
  period
• At what level (level of achievement or amount of
  progress should be clearly stated)
• By when (usually by the end of the school year)
• Including each of these components in a goal
  statement operationally defines the goal and
  makes it easier to measure progress toward its
  attainment.

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Examples of clear goals

• At the spring benchmark assessment, all
  kindergarten students will be able to read
  randomly- presented CVC pseudo-words at a rate of
  25 correctly-produced letter sounds per minute.
• In the fall of grade 2, all students will be
  able to orally read grade-level text at a rate of
  44 correctly-read words per minute.
• At the spring screening assessment, grade 6
  students will be able to orally read grade-level
  text at the rate of 160 correctly-read words per
  minute.

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Strong Goals

• Goals are mission-focused (not trivial).
• Goals are derived from the schools vision for
  success.
• Goals focus on valued outcomes (not just
  processes).
• Goals are prioritized and remain in focus over
  time.

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Strong Goals (continued)

• Ambitious, yet attainable
• Clearly defined and measureable
• Easily understood and transparent to all
  stakeholders
• Differentiated
• Grade level differences in goal-setting
• Students varying skill levels in goal-setting
• School-wide similarities in goal-setting

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Student reading goals should be based on one or
more of the following

• Norms on a measure of reading achievement
• Criteria or benchmark scores
• Progress made toward a standard (e.g., AYP)
• Level reached by a higher-performing group of
  students with comparable demographics
• Curriculum content mastered (curriculum maps)

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Basis for outcome goals by grade spans

• Grades K-2
• Standardized achievement test (if used)
• Progress monitoring measure (if test not used)
• of students at benchmark levels
• of students demonstrating mastery on skills
  from reading curriculum map
• Grades 3-12
• Standardized achievement test

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Sample Curriculum Map
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Sample Progress Monitoring
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Sample Benchmark Goals (DIBELS 6th edition)
Second Grade DIBELS Benchmark Goals Second Grade DIBELS Benchmark Goals Second Grade DIBELS Benchmark Goals Second Grade DIBELS Benchmark Goals Second Grade DIBELS Benchmark Goals Second Grade DIBELS Benchmark Goals Second Grade DIBELS Benchmark Goals
DIBELS Measures Beginning of Year (BOY) Beginning of Year (BOY) Middle of Year (MOY) Middle of Year (MOY) End of Year (EOY) End of Year (EOY)
DIBELS Measures Performance Status Performance Status Performance Status
Oral Reading Fluency ORF lt 26 At Risk ORF lt 52 At Risk ORF lt 70 At Risk
Oral Reading Fluency 26 lt ORF lt 44 Some Risk 52 lt ORF lt 68 Some Risk 70 lt ORF lt 90 Some Risk
Oral Reading Fluency ORF gt 44 Low Risk ORF gt 66 Low Risk ORF gt 90 Low Risk
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Setting goals for achievement levels vs.
achievement growth

• Achievement levels may differ from school to
  school as a function of academic challenges.
• However
• Achievement growth should not be be limited or
  excused by academic challenges.
• All students can reach ambitious reading goals.

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• Outcome Goals
• Adequate Progress Goals
• For each grade level
• For each group (e.g., some-risk students)
• Progress Monitoring Goals
• For each grade level
• For individual students

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• Outcome Goals
• Summative
• Adequate Progress Goals
• Summative (if at end of year)
• Formative (if during year)
• Progress Monitoring Goals
• Formative

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• Schoolwide (not individual) goals
• Outcome measurements vary from state to state.
• Outcome goals are generally established by
  minimum state expectations.
• Outcomes measured by performance relative to
  normative or criterion standards.
• Outcome goals should be set for all skills
  considered critical for each grade level.

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• Schoolwide (not individual) goals
• Adequate Progress is a term used to describe
  groups of students progress along the
  achievement continuum.
• Goals can be set for each grade level and for
  each level of student status at the beginning of
  the school year (grade level, some-risk,
  high-risk).

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• For grade level and some-risk students
• Schoolwide goals are set once group performance
  is compared to school standards as well as
  established benchmark scores.

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• For High-Risk Students
• Individual goals are set.
• Grades K and 1
• Set goals to achieve Grade Level status.
• Grades 2 and 3
• If Grade Level status is not reasonably
  attainable, set goal to move to Some-Risk
  status at students grade level at the end of the
  year.

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Setting Progress Monitoring Goals 3rd Grade
Example
Established Benchmark Goal
120 100 80 60 40 20 0












Average Peers Goal Line
Option 2 - High Risk Student
Option 1 - High Risk Student
Words Correct Per Minute
X
X
X
Baseline
Sept Oct Nov Dec
Jan Feb Mar
Apr May
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Collaboration

• Engage stakeholders as you set goals
• and as you work to attain those goals.

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Engaging stakeholders in setting, working toward,
and attaining goals

• Identify stakeholders.
• Identify messages and needs.
• Decide on communication methods and schedule.
• Deliver your messages and solicit involvement and
  feedback.
• Be responsive to stakeholders interest,
  questions, and suggestions.

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Conclusion

• Students able to read at grade level or higher
  are likely to accomplish key learning objectives
  in grades K-12. They are more likely to learn
  successfully in their classes, and they are more
  likely to perform well on state assessments that
  test how well students understand the content of
  the state standards. Formative goals provide
  valuable information about whether students are
  on track to meet the summative goal. When
  students have not met a formative reading goal,
  it is critical that schools use that information
  to improve reading instruction. (OLF, pg. G-12)
• Goals are something for students to strive for,
  but they are also a means for schools to evaluate
  instruction and make changes that will help
  students succeed. Goals motivate students to
  learn, but give schools something to learn from.