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Topic 6: Pipelining and Pipelined Architecture

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Performance Limitations of a Pipeline Rate cannot exceed the slowest stage Complexities in reality ... Pipelining and Pipelined Architecture Reading List Slides: ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Topic 6: Pipelining and Pipelined Architecture


1
Topic 6Pipelining and Pipelined Architecture
2
Reading List
  • Slides Topic6x
  • Henn Patt Chapter 6
  • Other papers as assigned in class or homeworks

3
Pipelining
  • What is pipelining - basic concepts
  • Pipelined datapath A case study of MIPS
  • Pipeline control
  • Pipeline hazard resolution

4
  • Pipelining
  • the basic concepts

5
Basic Concept
  • Pipeline multiple instructions are
    simultaneously in execution
  • Pipeline is divided into segments or stages
  • Machine cycle
  • Time required to move through one stage
  • Machine cycle is determined by the slowest stage
    in the pipe
  • Often


Machine Clock cycle cycle
6
  • In a perfectly balanced pipelined machine
    instruction time
  • In a normal machine
  • (1) is not true,
  • i.e. - stage time does not equal there is
  • overhead
  • but it can be very close to 10 within (1)

7
Pipelining as an Architecture Technique
  • Generally may be invisible to user
  • Scalar pipelined machine vs. vector machine

8
  • Pipeline throughout
  • So pipeline increases throughout, but the time
    for execution of each instruction remains
    unchanged.
  • Clock rate of a pipelined machine is limited by
  • latch time
  • clock skew
  • the delay time required for clock signals to
    propagate on a chip.

of instructions completed
cycle
9
Performance Limitations of a Pipeline
  • Rate cannot exceed the slowest stage
  • Complexities in reality
  • - different processing time for different stages
  • - interaction/dependencies between stages - may
    be data dependent (dynamic)

10
(b)
The most important factors on pipe beat (cycle
time) latch delay and clock skew
11
Overlap vs. Pipeline
  • Pipeline
  • tightly coupled subfunctions
  • fixed basic stage time
  • independent basic function evaluation
  • Overlap
  • Loosely coupled subfunctions
  • variable basic stage time
  • dependency between function evaluation

12
1 Task 1 Task 2 Task 1
Task 3 . . . 2 Task 2 Task 1
Task 3 Task 1
Time Idle time
CPU/I/O Overlapping
13
MIPS Pipeline
  • Pipeline stages
  • IF
  • ID (decode Reg fetch)
  • EX
  • MEM
  • Write back

On each clock cycle another instruction is
fetched and begins its five-step execution. If an
instruction is started every clock cycle, the
performance will be five times that of a machine
that is not pipelined.
14
MIPS Pipeline - Another Representation
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