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Abstract

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Abstract Research Methods I How to Write an Abstract The abstract should be the last thing you write when writing a paper. The abstract page is Page 2. – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Abstract


1
Abstract
  • Research Methods I

2
How to Write an Abstract
  • The abstract should be the last thing you write
    when writing a paper.
  • The abstract page is Page 2.
  • Center the word Abstract on the page.
  • Begin typing the abstract on the very next double
    spaced line.

3
How to Write an Abstract
  • Type the abstract as a single (double spaced)
    paragraph in block format (dont indent).
  • The abstract provides a brief and comprehensive
    summary of the paper/study.

4
How to Write an Abstract
  • It should include the following sections (this is
    an example for a quantitative study)
  • Introduction
  • Methods
  • Subjects/Participants (human, animal)
  • Apparatus (furniture, pencils, stopwatches)
  • Design (independent and dependent variables)
  • Procedures (steps to execute the study)
  • Results (report the statistics)
  • Discussion (evaluate and interpret results)

5
How to Write an Abstract
  • The abstract should be
  • Accurate Regarding information in the paper.
  • Self Contained all information should be
    spelled out (no abbreviations).
  • Concise follow APA guidelines for length
  • Specific state only the most important
    concepts, findings and/or implications.

6
How to Write an Abstract
  • The abstract details
  • Use digits for all numbers except when they
    begin a sentence.
  • Avoid citing references in the abstract.
  • Paraphrase rather than quoting.
  • Use active voice rather than passive voice.
  • Use past tense for procedures and present tense
    for results.
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