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The early middle ages

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Raided Rome, France, Byzantine Trade Routes. Feudal System Social system, exchange of service for land. ... Agreement that ended rebellion made: PARLIAMENT: ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The early middle ages


1
Chapter 13
  • The early middle ages

2
Charlemagne Charles the Great
  • Grandfather military leader Charles The Hammer
    Martel for a Frankish King
  • Father, Pippin III, became king of the Franks
  • One of most important leaders in European history

3
Charlemagne Charles the Great
  • Foundation to success military power
  • Each year he assembled an army to fight against
    one of his foes
  • Pope Leo III asked for help against the Lombards
    in 774 when they attacked the
  • PAPAL STATES REGION IN CENTRAL ITALY UNDER THE
    POPES CONTROL
  • 799 Charlemagne comes to the Popes recue once
    again
  • Pope thanks him by making him Emperor of Roman
    People

4
Charlemagnes Rule
  • Empire very large
  • Selected a center for the government Aachen (in
    present day Germany)
  • COUNTS officials to rule over parts of the
    empire
  • Counts granted large parts of land as thank you
  • To keep tabs on counts sent inspectors to visit

5
A New Society
  • Education
  • Charlemagne personally interested
  • Churches and Monasteries started schools staffed
    by monks and priests
  • Invited noted scholars from all over Europe to
    Aachen
  • Monks made copies of work
  • Religion
  • Worked closely with church to create unified
    Christian Empire
  • Forced conquered to convert
  • Law
  • oral laws recorded, Tribes allowed to keep tribal
    codes
  • enforced Christian teachings

6
814 Charlemagne dies
  • Empire lost its center
  • Regional kings grew strong
  • Charlemagnes grandsons fought for the throne
  • 843 the Grandsons divided the empire into East,
    West, and Middle
  • Empire was crumbling
  • Invaders will challenge on all sides!

7
Think
  • Which of Charlemagnes reforms were most
    important?
  • Politics
  • Religion
  • Education
  • Law
  • Rank these for from 1 (most important) to 4

8
Pair
  • Get together with your study group
  • Agree on ranking
  • Write on your white board

9
Share
  • What did you choose and why?
  • Show us your white board!

10
Vikings
  • Come from northern Europe Scandinavia (Norway,
    Denmark, Sweden)
  • Norsemen or Northmen
  • Society was rural and agricultural
  • Fishers, farmers
  • Soil not fertile growing was hard
  • As population grew, Vikings had to look for other
    sources of food

11
Viking Raids
  • Superb ship builders
  • Ships could carry 100 warriors
  • NAVIGATION PLANNING THE COURSE ACROSS THE SEA
  • First targets
  • England
  • Northern France
  • Eventually moved farther
  • Constantinople Kiev
  • Sailed upriver
  • Aachen Paris

12
Viking Raids
  • People lived in fear of Vikings
  • Had no warning Vikings were coming
  • Fast-moving ships meant little time to prepare
  • Killed or captured any defenders who stood in way
  • Grabbed everything they could
  • Captured people sold into slavery

13
Viking Raids
  • Favorite targets were monasteries
  • Monks not warriors
  • Easy to plunder
  • Had fine treasures
  • Jeweled crosses
  • Gold/silver candlesticks
  • Vikings werent Christians, felt nothing wrong
    with it

14
Viking Settlements
  • Not all Vikings were raiders
  • Explorers
  • Some explorers settled in far-off places
  • Iceland
  • First Vikings arrived in 700s
  • From Iceland they settled even farther
  • SAGAS LONG ICELANDIC STORIES ABOUT HEROES
  • Explored Greenland in 982
  • Leif Eriksson reached North America

15
Magyars
  • Invading Europe from the East
  • From Central Asia
  • Nomads in present day Hungary
  • Fierce warriors on horseback
  • Planned carefully
  • Never attacked heavily defended towns
  • Attacked smaller settlements
  • Loot and flee!

16
Muslims
  • First came as conquerors in 711
  • North Africa crossed the Strait of Gibraltar to
    Spain
  • Made rapid conquest of Spain
  • Capital city Cordoba, Spain
  • One of most wealthy and culturally advanced
    cities
  • Land of tolerance
  • Jews, Christians, and Muslims lived in peace
  • Raided Rome, France, Byzantine Trade Routes

17
Feudal System Social system, exchange of
service for land
  • Lords
  • Knights
  • Given a
  • ?FIEF
  • Becomes
  • ?VASSAL
  • Pledges
  • ?FEALTY

18
Manorial System
  • Lords
  • Own a manor
  • (house with land)
  • Serfs
  • Work land
  • Rotate crops
  • Village built to
  • support manor

19
Life in the Middle Ages
  • Castle Living
  • Village Living
  • Great Hall
  • Climate
  • Decorations
  • Cottages
  • Straw floor roof
  • Fire

20
You will create a Visual Representation of either
  • Daily life in a Castle
  • Daily life in a Village
  • Represent the Manorial system
  • Lord
  • Serf
  • Fields/Crops
  • Pastures
  • Manor House
  • Village Necessities
  • And Life in the Castle
  • Windows
  • Climate
  • Space
  • Hall
  • Carpets
  • Bedrooms
  • Latrines
  • Family
  • Represent the Manorial system
  • Lord
  • Serf
  • Fields/Crops
  • Pastures
  • Manor House
  • Village Necessities
  • And Life in the Village
  • Cottages
  • floor
  • Windows
  • Roof
  • Furniture
  • Fire
  • Family

21
This can be done many ways
  • Photograph
  • Drawing
  • Painting
  • Diorama
  • Sculpture
  • Comic Strip
  • Photo Book
  • Film
  • Blueprint
  • Collage
  • Interior Design Sketch
  • Home Magazine
  • PowerPoint
  • Website

22
Today
  • Read through the content (pg 382-386)
  • Take notes of what to include
  • Write a Proposal of what you plan to do this
    weekend
  • Begin sketching, planning your project on the
    back of the proposal
  • Sign and hand in your proposal
  • Project due on Tuesday!!

23
Feudalism
  • During Viking Invasions, kings couldnt defend
    their lands their nobles lands
  • Nobles had to find a way to defend land
  • ?CASTLES!
  • Built on hills (easier to defend)
  • Not elaborate
  • Built of wood
  • Shelter during attack

24
Feudalism exchange of land for service
  • To defend their castles, Nobles needed
  • ? KNIGHTS! (Highly skilled soldiers who
    fought on horseback)
  • In payment, the Noble/Lord gave the Knight
  • ? FIEF land
  • This made the knight a
  • ? VASSAL person who accepted land for
    service

25
Feudalism exchange of land for service
  • In return for land a vassal promises
  • ? FEALTY loyalty
  • Complications
  • A person could be Lord AND vassal
  • A Knight could serve many
  • All should be UNDER the king, however many lords
    had more land, money power than kings

26
Feudalism exchange of land for service
  • KING
  • NOBILITY or LORD
  • KNIGHTS
  • VASSALS

27
Manorial System Medieval, economic exchange of
land, service, and food
  • MANOR large estates owned by wealthy lords
  • SERF peasants legally tied to work on manor (not
    slaves, but needed permission to leave, marry,
    etc)
  • Manor House
  • Blacksmith, Mill, Bakery, Church, Village
  • If attacked, village would go to manor house

28
Growth of European Monarchies
  • Anglo-Saxons united under Alfred the Great
  • After Alfreds heirs died, two men claimed throne
  • Harold (Anglo-Saxon Nobleman)
  • William, Duke of Normandy in France
  • William wouldnt take no for an answer
  • William won the crown at Battle of Hastings
  • WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR

29
Domesday Book
  • To learn more about his kingdom, William ordered
    a survey
  • ?DOMESDAY BOOK
  • who lived where, what they owned, how much
    they could afford to pay in taxes

30
The English gained more power in France
  • Williams descendants inherited his position as
    duke of Normandy
  • Henry II Eleanor of Aquitaine ruled all of
    England, and half of France
  • English kings ignored any feudal obligations to
    French

31
Magna Carta
  • English kings grew more powerful
  • Nobles feared kings would abuse power
  • King John tried to raise money for war
  • Nobility refused until he signed
  • MAGNA CARTA document that restricted kings
    power
  • Consent of nobles before taxation
  • Suggests that kings arent above law

32
Parliament
  • Magna Carta addressed many of the nobles
    concerns but some werent satisfied
  • King constantly asking for money
  • Nobles started a rebellion to get a say
  • Agreement that ended rebellion made
  • PARLIAMENT governing body made up of nobility,
    clergy, middle class

33
Holy Roman Empire
  • After Charlemagnes death his Roman Empire was
    split apart
  • 936 Otto the Great gained support from German
    nobles to unite German lands, and conquered parts
    of Northern Italy
  • Pope crowned him Emperor the HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
  • Holy because of Popes support
  • Roman Charlemagne

34
Spain Portugal
  • Muslims (or Moors) had taken over Iberian
    Peninsula in 700s
  • 722, Christian leaders began expanding westward
    to fight Moors
  • Little success until 1000s
  • Civil War in Muslim Spain weakened hold
  • RECONQUISTA reconquest of Spain from Muslims
  • 1085 king of Castile captured Toledo
  • Aragon, Portugal followed lead
  • 1236 captured Cordoba

35
Power of the Church
  • Christianity brought Christendom together
  • It touched each aspect of life
  • Baptism, marriage, death
  • Sometime around 1000 the influence of the church
    increased
  • Upwelling of
  • ?PIETY persons level of devotion to
    religion

36
Church Reforms
  • Leo IX reformed RCC
  • 900s 1000s popes had little authority
  • Bishops made big decisions
  • Popes werent religious, looking for power
  • 1049 popes began to reform to gain power
  • EXCOMMUNICATION casting one out of the church
    banning salvation
  • Fought wars to increase territory

37
Collins Type I
  • Think about
  • Wars for land
  • Excommunication for enemies
  • Quest for power
  • How do you think the growing influence of the
    pope will affect European Society in the years to
    come?
  • 7 lines
  • Skip lines!
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