????(misconceptions)

1
????(misconceptions)

• ??????????,????????????(prior knowledge)??????????
  ??????
• ??????????????????,????????????,??1???????????????
  ??????,???????????(misconceptions)

2
???????(1)

• ???????Head(1986)
• 1.???????????????
• 2.????????????
• 3.??????
• 4.????????
• 5.??????????

3
???????(2)

• ???????Treagust (2000)
• 1.????
• 2.????
• 3.????
• 4.????
• 5.????
• 6.????

4
???????(3)

• ???????(Driver,1985
• Stepans ,1996??? ,1998)
• ????????
• ???????
• ?????????
• ?????????????? ?
• ???????

5
???????(4)

• ???????Duit(?????,1996)
• 1.??????
• 2.?????
• 3.???????
• 4.????????????
• 5.???

6
??????????

• ????????????
• 1.?????
• 2.?????
• 3.?????

7
??????????? ???????(1)

• ???????
• 1??????????
• ??????????????,????????????,?????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????, ?????

8
??????????? ???????(2)

• 2. ??????,?????????????
• ?????????????????????????????,??????????????

9
??????????? ???????(3)

• 3???????,??????????????????????
• ???????????????,?????????,??????????????????
• ????????????????????,?????????????

10
??????????? ???????(4)-1

• ????-????
• (1)????????????,?????????????????????????
• ?????,??????????????????????
• ???123??????????,?????????9?,????7.3?

11
??????????? ???????(4)-2

• (2)?????????,??????86???????,???????????????,?????
  14????
• ?????,??????????????????????????????
• ???123??????????,?????????21?,????17.1??

12
??????????? ???????(4)-3

• ?????
• 1.??????????????????,?????????????????
• 2.Kerslake(1986)???????????????????,?????????????,
  ?????????????????????????

13
??????????? ???????(5)-1

• ??????
• ????,?????????????????????????a/b,????????????????
  ????,?????????????
• ?????????????????????(Hart,1989)?

14
??????????? ???????(5)-2

• ????????????,??????????????,????????
• 1.????????????3/8gt3/5,???8gt5??(Behr et ,1984
  Hunting,1986)?
• 2.????????????4/13lt9/13????4lt 9??

15
??????????? ???????(5)-3

• 3.?????????????,??3/47/8????347,448?
• 4.?????????????????3/5lt6/10???3lt6,??5lt10 ?
• 5.Mack(1995)??????????????????????????
• ??????3/8?????????,?
• ???????

16
??????????? ???????(5)-4

• 6.?????????,?????????????????????
• ?1/42/43/8,1/42/63/10?
• 7.????????????,?????????????????????
• ?5/9-2/73/2????5/6-2/7????,??6?7?????

17
????

• ????????????????????,?????????????????????,???????
  ?????

18
????(1)

• Posner?????????????????
• (1)?????????????
• ????
• (2)???????????
• (3)??????????
• (4)??????????

19
????(2)

• Chi(1992)?????,??????????,?????????????,??????????
  ????????????????
• Vosniaadou(1994)??????????????????????????????

20
?? (1)

• ???????????,???????????????????????,??????????????
  ???,????????????

21
?? (2)

• ????????????????????,?????????????????,???????????
  ????????????? ?

22
?? (3)

• ??????????????,?????????????????????????????,?????
  ??????????????,??????????????

23
?? (4)

• ???????????????,????????????????,???????????
• ?????,????????????????,???????????

24
???????????

• ???????
• ???????????
• ?????????????
• ?????????????

25
??

• 4x 3y 7xy

1 2
1 2
7


7


n
7
n
(1)
7



(2)
26
???????

• (?)????(overgeneralization)??????????????,???????
  ??????
• (?)????(undergeneralization)?????????????,???????
  ?????????

27
???????(?)

• (?)????(misconception)????????????,??????????????
  ,?????????????????????????

28
???????

• 1.????????????????????????,????????????
• 2.?????????????????????????
• 3.??????????????????????

29
???????

• Bell(1993)???????????,?????????????,????????,?????
  ???????,??????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????(???????????,
  1995???, 2002 Bell, 1989 Tirosh Stavy,
  1999)?

30
? ?
?1 ????????
31
?????? 4??

• T4b?????????,??0.25?????,0.5??????,???????????
• Ss0.25????(5?)?(????)
• T4b??0.5????????
• Ss19??
• T4b?S6?????,???0.25?????
• S6??0.25?25,?5??

32
?????? - 5??

• T5b?1????,S8??0.507??,S13??0.8??,S16??0.36??,??lt?
  gt???,????,??????,????????,?????????
• S160.507gt0.36gt0.8?(????)
• (????)
• T5bS16,???0.507gt0.36gt0.8?
• S16??507?36?,36??8??

33
?????? - 4??

• T4b?????,???????????0.25?0.5?
• T4b???????,?0.25???????
• ????
• S62??????5??????
• T4b?0.5??
• S65??????
• T4b??????
• S60.5????

34
?????? - 5??

• ?????????,T4b?T5b???????,???????????T5b??????,????
  ??0.001???0.507?0.36?0.8,????????
• T5b0.507??????507????
• S160.001?
• T5b?S16,?0.8?8????
• S160.1?

35
??????- 5??(?)

• T5b???507?0.001,???8?0.1,
• ?????
• S16????
• T5b????????????,??
• 0.001????0.8???0.001?
• S16800??
• T5b?0.36???0.001?
• S16360??

36
??????- 5??(?)

• T5b??,?????
• S160.8???
• T5b??????
• S160.36???
• T5b??0.8?0.507,?????
• S160.8?

37
?????? - 4??

• ???????,??????,???????????,???????????
• T4b0.25???2??????5????????,0.5???5????????,??0.2
  5? 0.5??

38
?????? - 5??

• T5b0.507?507?0.001,0.8?800?0.001,0.36?360?0.001,8
  00gt507gt360,??0.8gt0.507gt0.36?

39
??????- 5??

• T5a???0.400gt0.4,??400gt4,
• ?????????
• Ss????
• T5a??????
• S8(??????0.400,0.4)?
• ??,??0.4???0.400?
• S330.400?4?0.1,0.4??4?0.1,???
• ????

40
??

• ?????????????????????
• ??????,????????????????????????????????????,??????
  ???????????????

41
??

• 1.????????????????????????????????????,???????????
  ?
• 2.?????,??????????,?????????????,????????,????????
  ????????????

42
??(?)

• 3.????????,???????????????,???????,???????????
• 4.????????,?????????????????