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• Pearl Sydenstricker Buck (June 26, 1892 March
  6, 1973) also known by her Chinese name Sai
  Zhenzhu (Chinese ??? pinyin Sài Zhenzhu), was
  an American writer who spent most of her time
  until 1934 in China. Her novel The Good Earth was
  the best-selling fiction book in the U.S. in 1931
  and 1932, and won the Pulitzer Prize in 1932. In
  1938, she became the first American woman to be
  awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, "for her
  rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life
  in China and for her biographical masterpieces.
• Pearl Buck was born in Hillsboro, West Virginia
  to Caroline Stulting (18571921) and Absalom
  Sydenstricker. Her parents, Southern Presbyterian
  missionaries, traveled to China soon after their
  marriage on July 8, 1880, but returned to the
  United States for Pearl's birth. When Pearl was
  three months old, the family returned to China to
  be stationed first in Zhenjiang (then often known
  as Jingjiang or, in the Postal Romanization,
  Tsingkiang).Pearl was raised in a bilingual
  environment, tutored in English by her mother and
  in classical Chinese by a Mr. Kung.
• Chinese man in Zhenjiang, c. 1900
• The Boxer Uprising greatly affected Pearl and
  family their Chinese friends deserted them, and
  Western visitors decreased.
• In 1911, Pearl left China to attend
  Randolph-Macon Woman's College in Virginia,
  US,graduating Phi Beta Kappa in 1914 and a member
  of Kappa Delta Sorority. From 1914 to 1933, she
  served as a Presbyterian missionary, but her
  views later became highly controversial in the
  FundamentalistModernist Controversy, leading to
  her resignation.

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• In 1914, Pearl returned to China. She married an
  agricultural economist, John Lossing Buck
  (hereafter in this article Pearl Buck is referred
  to simply as 'Buck'), on May 13, 1917, and they
  moved to Suzhou, Anhui Province, a small town on
  the Huai River (not to be confused with the
  better-known Suzhou in Jiangsu Province). It is
  this region she described later in The Good Earth
  and Sons.
• From 1920 to 1933, the Bucks made their home in
  Nanking (Nanjing), on the campus of Nanjing
  University, where both had teaching positions.
  Buck taught English literature at the University
  of Nanjing and the Chinese National University.
  In 1920, the Bucks had a daughter, Carol,
  afflicted with phenylketonuria. In 1921, Buck's
  mother died and shortly afterward her father
  moved in. In 1924, they left China for John
  Buck's year of sabbatical and returned to the
  United States for a short time, during which
  (Pearl) Buck earned her Masters degree from
  Cornell University. In 1925, the Bucks adopted
  Janice (later surnamed Walsh). That autumn, they
  returned to China.
• The tragedies and dislocations that Buck suffered
  in the 1920s reached a climax in March 1927,
  during the "Nanking Incident." In a confused
  battle involving elements of Chiang Kai-shek's
  Nationalist troops, Communist forces, and
  assorted warlords, several Westerners were
  murdered. Since her father Absalom was a
  missionary, the family decided to stay in Nanjing
  until the battle reached the city. When violence
  broke out, a poor Chinese family allowed them to
  hide in their hut while the family house was
  looted. The family spent a day terrified and in
  hiding, after which they were rescued by American
  gunboats. They traveled to Shanghai and then
  sailed to Japan, where they stayed for a year.
  They later moved back to Nanjing, though
  conditions remained dangerously unsettled. In
  1934, they left China permanently.

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• In 1935 the Bucks were divorced. Richard Walsh,
  president of the John Day Company and her
  publisher, became Pearl Buck's second husband.
  Walsh offered her advice and affection which, her
  biographer concludes, "helped make Pearl's
  prodigious activity possible." The couple lived
  in Pennsylvania until his death in 1960.7
• During the Cultural Revolution Buck, as a
  preeminent American writer of Chinese peasant
  life, was denounced as an "American cultural
  imperialist." Buck was "heartbroken" when Madame
  Mao and high-level Chinese officials prevented
  her from visiting China with Richard Nixon in
  1972.8
• Pearl S. Buck died of lung cancer on March 6,
  1973 in Danby, Vermont and was interred in Green
  Hills Farm in Perkasie, Pennsylvania. She
  designed her own tombstone. The grave marker is
  inscribed with Chinese characters representing
  the name Pearl Sydenstricker

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• 29 April 1962  Dinner for the Nobel Prize Winners
  of the Western Hemisphere. L-R Mrs. Lyndon B.
  Johnson, Pearl Buck, President Kennedy, Mrs.
  Kennedy, Robert Frost, guests. White House, East
  Room. Photograph by Robert Knudsen, White House,
  in the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and
  Museum, Boston.

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• Buck was highly committed and passionate about a
  range of issues that were largely ignored by her
  generation many of her life experiences and
  political views are described in her novels,
  short stories, fiction, children's stories, and
  the biographies of her parents entitled Fighting
  Angel (on Absalom) and The Exile (on Carrie). She
  wrote on a diverse variety of topics including
  woman's rights, Asian cultures, immigration,
  adoption, missionary work, and war.
• In 1949, outraged that existing adoption services
  considered Asian and mixed-race children
  unadoptable, Buck established Welcome House,
  Inc., the first international, interracial
  adoption agency. In nearly five decades of work,
  Welcome House has placed over five thousand
  children. In 1964, to support children who were
  not eligible for adoption, Buck established the
  Pearl S. Buck Foundation to "address poverty and
  discrimination faced by children in Asian
  countries." In 1965, she opened the Opportunity
  Center and Orphanage in South Korea, and later
  offices were opened in Thailand, the Philippines,
  and Vietnam. When establishing Opportunity House,
  Buck said, "The purpose... is to publicize and
  eliminate injustices and prejudices suffered by
  children, who, because of their birth, are not
  permitted to enjoy the educational, social,
  economic and civil privileges normally accorded
  to children."
• In the late 1960s, Buck toured West Virginia to
  raise money to preserve her family farm in
  Hillsboro, WV. Today The Pearl S. Buck Birthplace
  is a historic house museum and cultural center.
  She hoped the house would "belong to everyone who
  cares to go there," and serve as a "gateway to
  new thoughts and dreams and ways of life."
• Long before it was considered fashionable or
  politically safe to do so, Buck challenged the
  American public on topics such as racism, sex
  discrimination and the plight of the thousands of
  babies born to Asian women left behind and
  unwanted wherever American soldiers were based in
  Asia. During her life Buck combined the multiple
  careers of wife, mother, author, editor and
  political activist.

Peals Bucks birthplace
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• Contemporary reviewers were positive, and praised
  her "beautiful prose," even though her "style is
  apt to degenerate into overrepetition and
  confusion." Peter Conn, in his biography of Buck,
  argues that despite the accolades awarded to her,
  Buck's contribution to literature has been mostly
  forgotten or deliberately ignored by America's
  cultural gatekeepers. Kang Liao argues that Buck
  played a "pioneering role in demythologizing
  China and the Chinese people in the American
  mind."Phyllis Bentley, in an overview of her work
  published in 1935, was altogether impressed "But
  we may say at least that for the interest of her
  chosen material, the sustained high level of her
  technical skill, and the frequent universality of
  her conceptions, Mrs. Buck is entitled to take
  rank as a considerable artist. To read her novels
  is to gain not merely knowledge of China but
  wisdom about life." These works aroused
  considerable popular sympathy for China, and
  helped foment poor relations with Japan.
• Anchee Min, author of a fictionalized life of
  Pearl Buck, broke down upon reading Buck's work,
  because she had portrayed the Chinese peasants
  "with such love, affection and humanity"."
• Buck was honored by the United States Postal
  Service with a 5 Great Americans series postage
  stamp.citation needed In 1999 she was
  designated a Women's History Month Honoree by the
  National Women's History Project.
• (?????) Buck's former residence at Nanjing
  University is now the Nanjing University Science
  and Technology Industry Group Building along the
  West Wall of the university's north campus. U.S.
  President George H.W. Bush toured the Pearl S.
  Buck House in October 1998. He expressed that he,
  like millions of other Americans, had gained an
  appreciation for the Chinese through Buck's
  writing.

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Pearl Buck with Her Family, 1939  

• ???(Pearl Sydenstricker Buck?Pearl
  Buck)(1892?6?26?-1973?3?6?),??????,?????1932?????
  ??(The Good Earth),????????????????1938????????
  ???????????????????????,??????????????
• 1892?6?26?,??????????????,???????????????(Absalom
  Sydenstricker,1852?1931?),???????4??????????????(
  ???????),??????,???????????????????????,?????????
  ?????(?????????????)?,???????????????,????,???????
  ????
• 1910?,???????,?????????????????(Randolph-Macon
  Woman's College)????1914????????,??????,???1917???
  ?????????,??????(John Lossing
  Buck)?????????????????,?????????????????????????
  1921?????????,??????,???????????????,?????????????
  ??????????1921?,????????(Carol)????,???????????(P
  henylketonuria)?1925?,???????(Janice,???Walsh),???
  ?????8????1926?,?????,???????????????????????????

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• 1930?,?????????????????,????????????1931?,?????
  ???????,??????????????????????????????1932??????
  ?????????????,??1935?????????????
• ?????
• ??,1934??????????,????????????????,?????????????,?
  ???????????????????????????,????????????????????
  ?????????????,??1938??????????????????????
• ??????,????????100?????,?????????????????????,??
  ??,???????????????????????????????????????,??????
  ??????????????????????(???)???????????????
• 1973?3?6?????????????(Danby,Vermont)??,???????????
  ??????

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• ??????????,??????????1937????????,????????????????
  ????????????????????,???????????????
• ???????????,?????????????????,????????????????????
  ?,?????????????,????,????????????????
• ??????????,??????????????????????????????,???????
  ???????????????????????,???????????,???????????,?
  ??????1954?10?,?????????????,??????????,??????????
  ???????????????!?
• ?????????????????,??????????????????????????,?????
  ???????1972??????????????,?????????????????,??????
  ???????????
• ????????????????????????,?????????????????
• 1990????,?????????????????????2001??????????????
  ???????,????????????????????????????????????????
  ??

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• ????? (??)????????(Pearl S. Buck)??????????,??????
  6??
• ??????????18??
• 1887?,??????,?????(American Presbyterians (South)
  ,PS)??????(Absalom Sydenstricker,1852?1931?)????,
  ??????????????????????(North Kiangsu
  Mission)?????????,?????????????,?????????????????,
  ???????????????,????????????????1892?10?,???????4?
  ????????????,???????,??????????????,??????????????
  ,???????????,?????????????,????????????????,??????
  ??????????????1907?,?????????????????
• 1914?,???????????????????????????,?????????,??????
  ???????,???????,?????????????1917?????????????????
  ????????,??????
• 1925?,????????,????????,??????????,?????1931??????
  ???
• 2002?10?,????????????????????

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• Imperial woman is one of the mastery works of
  Pearl S. Buck. She once again captivates the
  audience with intriguing adventure and
  exploration of the ancient China through a single
  woman. Imperial Woman is like the title,
  fictionalized autobiography of Ci-Xi or TzU His,
  the empress of the wade-Giles. The story starts
  off with Ci-Xi going in to the palace as a
  concubine of the XianFeng Emperor of Great China.
  Even at an early age of 17 years old, she was
  manipulative, dominating, and perhaps even
  wicked. Tzu His was born into one of the poor
  noble ranks in the imperial dynasty. According to
  the custom, at the age of the seventeen, she
  moved to the Forbidden City, and became one of
  the hundreds of concubines. But her unique and
  dominating power and undeniable beauty quickly
  gets her up to the consort of the empress. On the
  death bed of Xian Fend Emperor, she supposedly
  became a head o the Qing Dynasty in 1908. She was
  feared in many courts, but adored by the
  peasants. Bucks detailed knowledge of the
  self-involved, and infamous last empress of
  china, and seeming realistic story of chinas
  struggle for freedom and democracy takes the
  readers to inescapable fascination.

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????????

• ?????????????????????,????????(Pearl S.
  Buck)???????
• 1919??,?????????????????????(John Lossing
  Buck)???????,??1934????????????,????????????????
  ???????????????
• 1998?,???????????????????????????2000?5?,??????
  ????????,???????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????
• 2006?6?5?,????????????????????

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• Pearl Buck lived in China for many years and
  spoke the language so I am happy to accept the
  authenticity of her writing. The Good Earth tells
  the story of Wang Lung - a hard-working peasant
  farmer with ambitions to improve his life. O-lan
  is a plain servant girl (effectively a slave) in
  the house of the local landowner. Wang Lung takes
  her as a wife having said that he does not want a
  beautiful woman but one that is strong and
  willing to work and bear him sons. Love is not an
  expectation.Although Wang Lung and his wife work
  hard other things conspire against him and his
  life is a continual struggle against poverty and
  destitution. Buck writes in a very simple and
  lucid way which somehow makes the issues that
  she raises even more shocking. The story is
  interwoven with infanticide, murder, drug-taking,
  prostitution, greed and betrayal. But throughout
  it all Wang Lung is convinced that it is the land
  which will offer them salvation. For much of the
  narrative Wang Lung and many of the other
  characters are far from flawless but the author
  doesnt judge them. Instead she relates their
  actions and attitudes and leaves the rest to the
  reader.It is not made absolutely clear when the
  book was supposed to be set. Slavery was
  abolished in 1910 so it is probably supposed to
  be set about that time. By 1912 the Republic of
  China had been created although there were many
  internal factions leading to the era of the
  warlords. The Good Earth was first published in
  1931 so the story was written without knowing
  the massive upheavals that were to occur in China
  a few years in the future. But already the
  country was in a state of flux with the mention
  of distant wars and gangs of local robbers.

By Wynne
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Pearl S. Buck House in Perkasie PA
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Dragon Seed (Pearl S. Buck) (1944)
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An intelligent, energetic, educated woman cannot
be kept in four walls even satin-lined,
diamond-studded walls without discovering sooner
or later that they are still a prison cell.
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• ???????,?????,??????????,?????????????????????,??
  ????????,?????????????????????????????,??????????
  ??
• ?????1892?,???1895??????3???????????????????????,
  ?????????????????????????,????????????????????????
  ??????,?????????30??,?????????????????30???
• 1934??,?????10??????????,????????,???1935???????
  ????,???????????,???9??12????????????7????
• ??,???????????????,??????????40?????????,?????????
  ????,??????????????????????????,???????????????,??
  ??????????????????????

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??? Eddie Lee Taipei 12/8/2011 Most of the
photos were taken from internet leechangsheng5555_at_
gmail.com
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