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Chemical Names and Formulas

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Overview Metals and Non-Metals Ions and Ionic Charges Types of Compounds Systematic Names-Writing Names and Formulas Naming Compounds Tutorial General ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chemical Names and Formulas


1
Chemical Names and Formulas
  • Overview
  • Metals and Non-Metals
  • Ions and Ionic Charges
  • Types of Compounds
  • Systematic Names
  • -Writing Names and Formulas

2
Naming Compounds Tutorial
  • General Information
  • Binary Ionic Compounds
  • Ternary Ionic Compounds/Poly-atomic Ions
  • Naming w/metals that have more than 1 charge
    (Transition Metals)
  • Molecular Compounds
  • Naming Acids

3
Metals and Nonmetals
  • Stairway Of Division on Periodic Table
  • C, P, Se, I, Rn and to the right are non- metals
  • B, Si, As, Ge, Sb, Te, Po, At are semi- metals
  • All others are metals

4
Ions
  • Cations Positively Charged Atoms
  • i.e. Na
  • Anions Negatively Charged Atoms
  • i.e. Cl-

5
IONIC CHARGES
  • Group I -gt
  • Group II -gt
  • Group III -gt
  • Group IV -gt
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

6
IONIC CHARGES
  • Group V -gt
  • Group VI -gt
  • Group VII -gt
  • Group VIII -gt
  • 3-
  • 2-
  • 1-
  • Noble Gases

7
TYPES OF COMPOUNDS
  • Ionic Compounds
  • composed of positive and
  • negative ions.
  • usually formed from a metal and non-metal.
  • these elements are not attached
  • to one another.

8
TYPES OF COMPOUNDS
  • Ionic Compounds cont
  • Examples
  • NaCl
  • CaBr2
  • KI

9
CHEMICAL FORMULAS
  • Definition
  • shows the kind and numbers of
    atoms in the smallest representative unit
    of the substance.
  • i. e.
  • NaCl

10
IONIC COMPOUNDS
  • A formula unit is the lowest whole number ratio
    of ions in an ionic compound.
  • i.e. Na2Cl2 -gt NaCl
  • There is no such thing as a molecule of
    NaCl!!!!!!!!!

11
NAMING COMPOUNDS
  • Your ability to name compounds and write
    formulas hinges on your ability to recognize
    whether a compound is Ionic or Molecular.

12
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
  • Binary means 2 elements
  • Ionic means a metal and a non-metal (or cation
    and anion)
  • Writing Formulas
  • charges must balance so
  • compound charge is neutral.

13
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
  • Writing Formulas from Names
  • 1st word CATION
  • 2nd word ANION name
  • with ide ending.

14
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
  • NaBr
  • MgF2
  • Sodium Bromide
  • Magnesium Fluoride

15
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
  • Potassium Chloride
  • Aluminum Oxide
  • notice ending of name is ide!
  • KCl- -gt KCl
  • Al23O32- -gt Al2O3

16
Polyatomic Ions
  • Definition tightly bound groups of atoms
    that behave as a unit and carry a charge.
  • Example SO32-, NO2-, ClO2-

17
TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
  • Ternary means 3 different elements
  • Usually contain Poly-atomic Ions
  • Ionic means cation and anion

18
TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDSWriting Formulas
  • Ca2CO32- -gt
  • CaCO3
  • Calcium Carbonate

19
TERNARY IONIC COMPOUNDS Naming
  • Calcium Nitrate
  • Ca(NO3)2

20
Naming with Transition Metals
  • First word CATION
  • Second word ANION
  • You need to determine what charge is on the
    transition metal if more than one exists.

21
Naming Transition Metals
  • Copper (I) Oxide
  • Cu2O

22
Writing Formulas with Transition Metals
  • FeCl3
  • FeCl2
  • Iron (III) Chloride
  • Iron (II) Chloride

23
TYPES OF COMPOUNDS
  • Molecular Compounds
  • composed of molecules in which elements
    share electrons.
  • usually composed of 2 nonmetals.
  • these elements are attached

24
MOLECULAR FORMULA
  • Definition
  • shows the numbers and
  • kinds of atoms present in a
  • molecule of a compound.
  • i. e.
  • CO

25
TYPES OF COMPOUNDS
  • Molecular Compounds cont
  • Examples
  • CS2
  • SiO2
  • BF3

26
BINARY MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • Binary means 2 elements
  • Molecular means 2 non-metals
  • NO ionic charges are present

27
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
  • Prefixes are used to show how many atoms are
    present in each molecule.
  • mono, di, tri,tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa,
    nona, deca

28
Writing Binary Molecular Compounds
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Di means 2 oxygens!!
  • CO2 no mono prefix is used on first element

29
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
  • 2 ways its done!
  • (prefix element name)
  • i.e. N2O
  • dinitrogen monoxide

30
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
  • (prefix element root ide)
  • i.e. PCl3
  • Phosphorous Trichloride
  • All binary compounds end in ide!!!

31
Naming with Acids
  • Anion Endings ide
  • Example HCl
  • Acid Name hydro- (stem)- ic acid
  • Hydrochloric Acid

32
Naming with Acids
  • Anion Ending ite
  • Example Hydrogen Sulfite
  • Acid Name (stem)-ous acid
  • Sulfurous Acid

33
Naming with Acids
  • Anion Ending ate
  • Example Hydrogen Sulfate
  • Acid Name (stem)-ic acid
  • Sulfuric Acid
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