American Red Cross First Aid/CPR/AED For Schools

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American Red CrossFirst Aid/CPR/AEDFor Schools
the Community

• Lay Responder
• (non-professional)

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Deciding to Act

• Consent to give first aid
• Actual consent-
• Implied consent-
• - definition
• -if its an adult
• - child with and without parent
• -mentally competent/non-mentally competent

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Good Samaritan Law Article

1. How many states have enacted this law?
2. Why was it DEVELOPED?
3. What does the law protect you from?
4. What doesnt the law protect you from?
5. List the 5 things you must do so the law will
   protect you?

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Do No Further Harm Article

1. List the 3 reasons you would have to move an
   injured victim?
2. What should you AVOID when you are moving an
   injured victim?
3. What is the proper technique called to move an
   unconscious or severely injured victim.

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Universal Precautions p. 711

• Universal Precautions-
• 1.
• 2.
• 3.
• Follow any situation with possible contact with
  blood and other bodily fluids.

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Emergency Action Principles ( 3Cs)

• Check
• Scene
• Safe?
• Clues
• of victims
• Bystanders to help
• Victim
• Injuries
• Life threatening conditions
• Unconscious
• Trouble breathing
• Chest pain or pressure
• No pulse
• Bleeding severely

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• Call
• 911 or local emergency for ambulance get an
  AED if available
• Give
• Exact location
• Telephone
• What happened
• and condition of victims
• What help is being given
• DONT HANG UP TILL DISPATCHER DOES!

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• Care for victim
• Life threatening injuries 1st ( ABCS)
• Less severe
• Help victim stay calm, relaxed

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Checking Conscious Adult

• 1. State your name, certifications,obtain consent
  and ask what happened.
• 2. Check for life threatening injuries, from head
  to toe. (A,B,C,S)
• 3. Do not ask the victim to move and do not move
  the victim.
• 4. Look for a medical alert tag and ask
  questions.
• 5. Call 911 or have someone call if serious.

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Position Terms

• Supine - On their back
• Prone- Face down
• Recovery- On the side( roll as one unit, no
  twisting.

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Checking Unconscious Adult See text pg 723

• 1. Check the scene
• 2. Tap ShoutAre you alright?
• 3. Go call 911. get AED
• 4. Check for Signs of Life (A, B, C S)
• Open airway Head Tilt Chin Lift (tilt head back,
  lift chin) listen for breathing no more than
  10sec.
• If suspect back, neck or head injury Do not Tilt
  Neck
• Breathing recovery position

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Choking Terms P.725

• Partial Airway Obstruction- when a victim can
  partially move air to and from the lungs, cough,
  speak.
• Complete Airway Obstruction- When a victim can no
  longer speak, cough, breath.
• Universal distress Signal-

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Conscious Choking Adult ( Breathing Emergencies)

• 1. GET CONSENT
• 2. Call 911 get an AED
• 3. Give 5 Back Blows
• 4. Give 5 Abdominal thrusts
• 5. Alternate until choking stops or they become
  unconscious.
• Stand behind victim
• Find belly button
• Make fist with other hand
• Place thumb side of fist against middle of
  victims abdomen (just above belly button)
• Grab fist with other hand
• Quick upward thrusts
• CONTINUE UNTIL- object is up, victim can breath,
  coughs on own, or victim becomes unconscious
• Chest Thrusts- obese, pregnant females

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If you are alone Choking

1. Give yourself abdominal Thrusts
2. Use the back of a tall chair to perform the
   thrusts for you.
3. Call 911 from a land line phone( they will trace
   call)

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Unconscious Choking

• - Find hand placement ( heal middle of sternum)
• 5. 30 chest compressions( at least 2in deep)
• 6. 2 Rescue Breaths
• 7. If breaths dont go in, RE-TILT TRY AGAIN
• 8. 30 chest compressions
• 9. LOOK FOR OBJECT
• 10. 2 more breaths
• 11. Continue with cycles

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How to Give A Rescue Breath

• 1. Head Tilt Chin Lift (open airway) and pinch
  nose.
• 2. Give a slow breath with a complete seal (each
  breath should last 1 sec.)
• 3. Watch the chest rise
• Gastric Distention- when you ventilate( breath)
  too hard and the air skips the lungs and goes
  into the stomach.

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Unconscious Choking Adult

• Stop cycles if
• Object removed
• Chest rises with rescue breaths
• Check for signs of circulation
• If none continue with compressions and breaths
• Victim starts breathing on own
• EMS arrives takes over
• Someone else takes over
• If you are too exhausted to continue
• After 5 Cycles Re-check for SIGNS OF LIFE

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If you DO NOT know they are choking

• After the first set of rescue breathes for an
  ADULT the breaths DO NOT go in
• -YOU REPOSITION TRY THE BREATHS AGAIN!

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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

• See text pg 734
• No Signs of Life, No AED, Unconscious
• Adult- 12 years or older
• Place yourself midway between the head chest
  (kneeling)

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CPR

• 1. Give 30 Chest Compressions
• At least 2 inches deep
• Takes about 18 sec (rate of approx 100 per min)
• 2. Give 2 rescue breaths
• Lasts about 1 sec each
• Continue sets of 30 compressions 2 breaths for
  2mins or 5 cycles then re-check for signs of
  life.
• Once CPR is started continue until
• See signs of life
• Scene is unsafe
• AED available
• Too exhausted
• Someone takes over

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Cardiac Chain of Survival

• 4 links
• 1. Early recognition and access to emergency
  system
• call 911
• 2. Early CPR
• - keeps blood and oxygen flow to organs,
  prevents brain damage and death
• 3. Early Defibrillation
• - Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
• - Electronic shock to heart
• 4. Early Advanced Life support
• - Paramedics

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Hearts Electrical System

• The hearts electrical system sends out signals to
  pump blood, but if the heart is damaged by a
  disease or injury the electrical system can be
  disrupted.
• - Fibrillation- most common abnormal heart rhythm
  that causes sudden cardiac arrest occurs when
  ventricles quiver.

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Hearts electrical system continued..

• Ventricle Fibrillation or V-Fib- electrical
  impulses fire at random
• Ventricular tachycardia (V-Tach)- electrical
  system tells ventricles to contract too quickly

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Automated External Defibrillator (AED)

• Child (1-8 or less than 55lbs) pediatric pads
• Do not use in water
• Cell phone at least 6ft. away
• Can use with a pace maker
• Remove clothing on chest wipe chest
• Remove nitroglycerin pads
• AED will talk you through procedures
• FOR EVRY MINUTE THE AED IS NOT IN USE IT
  DECREASES THE CHANCE OF SURVIVAL BY 10

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AED Steps

• 1. TURN ON AED
• AND JUST SIT AND LISTEN TO DIRECTIONS
• 1. Remove clothing from chest/wipe chest dry
• 2. Place Electrode pads on persons chest
• 3. Plug in connecter
• 3. Analyzing rhythm, stand clear
• 4. Shock advised
• 5. Push shock
• 6. Start 5 cycles of CPR
• 7. Re-analyzing rhythm stand clear

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Recognizing a heart attack p.739

• Heart Attack- death of cardiac muscle to the
  heart due to a blockage
• Signs ( most people ignore or deny)
• Chest discomfort or pain (may spread to other
  body areas)
• Sweating
• Nausea
• Shortness of breath
• General ill feeling
• Deaths are reduced by recognizing early symptoms
  of heart attack

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Cardiac Arrest

• Cardiac Arrest- when the heart stops following a
  heart attack/blockage
• Sudden Cardiac Arrest- is when the heart stops
  beating suddenly unexpectedly, when this
  happens bloods stop flowing to all vital organs
• Respiratory Arrest- when breathing stops
• Each year there are approx. 300,000 cardiac
  arrests outside of the hospital. 2000 of those
  occur under the age of 25 lead to premature
  death.

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Clinical Biological Death

• The best chance of survival is within the first 4
  mins.
• Clinical Death- after breathing circulation
  have stopped you have 4-6 minutes of stored
  oxygen before your cells begin to die.
• Biological Death- after 10 minutes, brain
  activity stops.

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Injuries

• Check
• Scene
• Victim
• Life threatening
• Head to toe
• Call 911
• Care
• Give care until help arrives

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Injuries

• Types
• Wounds/ Burns (Soft Tissue)
• Muscle, Bone, Joint

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Muscles, Bones, Joints pg. 716

• Muscles
• Strain tearing or stretching of muscles or
  tendons
• Tendons- strong fibers that attach muscle to bone
• Bones
• Fracture a break, chip, or crack in a bone
• Types
• Open (compound)
• Closed (simple)
• Deformity, snap, and pain may be present

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Muscles, Bones, Joints Pg. 717

• Joints
• Sprain tearing of ligaments at a joint
• Wrist, knee, ankle, finger
• Ligaments- strong, tough, soft tissue bands that
  attach bone to bone
• Dislocation the movement of a bone out of its
  position in the joint. Usually caused by a
  violent force tearing the ligaments that hold the
  bone in place.
• Finger
• Apply ice, immobilize and go to doctor
• Do not try to pull it out

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Muscles, Bones, Joints

• Signs of severe injury
• Can not move or use body part
• A snap or a pop is heard
• Bone is visible
• Significant bruising, swelling, or deformity

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Care for Muscle, Bone Joint Injuries PG. 717

• R- Rest
• I- Immobilization
• C- Cold
• Apply ice for up to 72 hours
• 20 min on 20 min off
• E- Elevate
• Keep part immobile, if have to move victim,
  1st splint injury. Do not elevate a severe injury
  unless it has been splinted

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Immobilizing Muscle, Bone Joint Injuries PG. 716

• Splint
• Types
• Anatomical- Splinting an uninjured body part to
  an injured body part.
• Exs-
• Soft-
• Exs-
• Rigid-
• Exs-

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Guidelines to Splinting

• Only if victim must be moved
• Only if you can do without causing more pain
• Splint in position you found it
• Splint above and below site of injury
• Check for proper circulation before and after
  splinting (feeling, warmth, color)

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Steps to Splinting

• 1.Support injured area
• 2.Check circulation
• 3.Place splint
• 4.Tie splint in place
• 5.Recheck circulation

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Care for Wounds (External Bleeding) Pg. 740

• Minor Wounds
• Cleaned covered
• Open Wounds
• Control bleeding
• Prevent infection
• Clean cover
• Closed Wounds
• Apply cold
• Major Wounds
• Call 911 and control bleeding

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Wounds 740

• Bruise
• Incision
• Laceration
• Abrasion
• Avulsion
• If you cut off a finger you would put it
  in_______ and take it with you.
• Puncture
• Infection-

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Bleeding

• Use Latex Gloves
• Arterial- bright red (oxygenated)
• Venous- darker blood
• Approximately 2 pint per 25 pounds

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Clues to Internal Bleeding

• Tender, swollen, bruised or hard areas of the
  body
• Cool, moist, pale or bluish skin
• Vomiting or coughing up blood
• Excessive thirst
• Confused, faint, drowsy, or unconscious
• Serious Internal Bleeding- Call 911
  immediately

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Control Bleeding Pg. 742

• Cover with a dressing and press firmly using
  Direct Pressure
• Elevate Injury
• 3. If bleeding doesnt stop
• Add additional dressings over top

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Shock (see text pg 733)

• Circulatory system fails to deliver blood to all
  parts of the body
• Life threatening condition
• Types
• Insulin
• Traumatic (sudden injury)
• Anaphylactic (sting, medication, seafood etc.)

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Shock

• Signals of Traumatic Shock
• Restlessness or irritability
• Altered consciousness
• Pale, cool, moist skin
• Looks disoriented
• Rapid breathing
• Rapid pulse
• Dilated pupils

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Caring for Shock

• Lie down and rest
• Control external bleeding
• Maintain normal body temp
• Elevate legs if injuries allow
• Make sure advanced help is on the way

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Seizure P. 712

• Seizure
• Do not hold or restrain victim
• Do not place anything in their mouth
• ( unless trained)
• Remove objects that may cause injury
• Cushion head/place something under head
• PUT IN RECOVERY POSITION? WHY?

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Sudden Illness Pg. 712

• Stroke
• Diabetic Emergency
• Help victim remain calm get medication
• Poisoning/ Allergic Reactions
• Call 911 Poison Control

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Caring for Sudden Illnesses

• Care for life threatening conditions
• Have victim rest in comfortable position
• Keep from getting chilled or over heated
• No food or water
• Reassure victim
• Send someone to meet EMS
• Ask about medical conditions medications
• Monitor, try to minimize risk of shock
• Watch for changes in consciousness or breathing