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Forestry and Forest Regions

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What do we get from Trees? Trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen. Trees provide us with paper and wood. We get food from trees (ex ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Forestry and Forest Regions


1
  • Forestry and Forest Regions
  • Leaves are used by trees to absorb sunlight.
  • Leaves are the most recognizable feature of any
    tree.
  • They are also used to distinguish different types
    of trees.

2
What do we get from Trees?
  • Trees remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
    and release oxygen.
  • Trees provide us with paper and wood.
  • We get food from trees (ex apples, peaches,
    maple syrup)
  • Trees give us shade and prevent soil erosion
  • Provide beauty to a particular area.
  • Trees are home to many animals and insects
  • Most of the Earths trees are found in forests.
  • The types of trees found in certain areas depends
    on the climate, altitude, and soil composition.

3
Earths Forests More than just trees
  • In the last 8000 years the Earth has lost nearly
    40 of its original forests.
  • The majority of this happened in the 20th
    century.
  • Humans have been using forest resources for
    thousands of years.
  • With the rise of industry and big businesses,
    humans began abusing forest resources

4
  • Forests provide homes for thousands of plant,
    animal, and insect species.
  • Food for these organisms are also provided by the
    forest.
  • Provide jobs and sources of revenue for people in
    surrounding towns and cities.
  • Recreation and tourism is generated by forests.

5
Human territories and Forests
  • Forests are an important source of revenue for
    governments, large corporations, and local
    businesses.
  • When a logging company begins developing a new
    part of a forest, a town begins to form.
  • Workers need to live close by.
  • Within this town services (doctor, police, fire,
    schools,etc.) and businesses form.
  • Roads and highways need to be built.
  • Gas and electrical lines need to be passed.
  • Ports are built if the town is close to a body of
    water.

6
Recreational Tourism
  • What is recreational tourism?
  • It is a sector that provides a large source of
    revenue for forest areas.
  • This sector attracts tourists who enjoying
    participating in outdoor recreational activities.
  • These activities include fishing, hunting,
    camping, hiking, skiing/snowboarding,
    snowmobiling and off roading (atvs)

7
  • Many recreational tourist areas have gained
    international popularity.
  • These same areas have now developed into
    multi-million dollar businesses (i.e.
    Mont-Tremblant, Quebec).

8
Types of Forests
  • Today, more than one fourth (25) of the earths
    land mass are covered by forests.
  • The main component of all forests are its trees.
  • Every type of forest has a very different
    climate, soil type, species of trees and plants,
    and animals
  • There are 3 types of forest.

9
1) Tropical Rainforests
  • Are located in Central and South America, central
    Africa, and Southeast Asia.
  • Rainforests are home to some of the most exotic
    species of plants, animals, and insects in world.
  • Rainforests can reach nearly 50C and can receive
    nearly 650 cm of rain every year (over 54 ft.).

10
2) Temperate Forest
  • Are found in Southern Canada and Northern USA,
    Europe, China and Japan.
  • These are mostly made up of deciduous trees
    (loose their leaves) and conifers (evergreens)
  • Located near large urban centers.
  • These forests are very industrialized, many are
    secondary forests (replanted)

11
3) Boreal Forest
  • Predominantly found in Canada, Northern Europe,
    China, and Japan.
  • These forests are primarily made up of conifers
    (evergreens).
  • In Canada the Boreal forests make up three
    quarters of forested lands.
  • Another name for Boreal Forest is Taiga

12
Terms to remember
  • Forestry All activities related to the forest
    and its development.
  • Clear-cutting Removing all of the trees from one
    area.
  • Deforestation permanent destruction of a
    forested area.
  • Stand A group of trees where there is only one
    or few species growing together

13
The Importance of the Boreal Forest
  • The word Boreal comes from the Greek word Boreas,
    the god of the north wind.
  • This forest was given this name because of its
    long, dry winters and short, cool summers.
  • The boreal forests represent nearly 25 of the
    earths forested land.
  • Overall the boreal forest ecosystem remains
    untouched.
  • This forest helps filter millions of litres of
    drinking water every day.
  • Gives homes for thousands of animal, plant and
    insect species.
  • Retains lakes and rivers.

14
  • Over 14 of Canadas population live in the
    boreal forest.
  • This includes nearly 600 aboriginal groups and
    communities.
  • Many of these aboriginal communities are taking
    an active role in managing forest resources.
  • The boreal forest also provides a perfect
    location for recreational tourism.
  • This industry generates large sums of money for
    forest communities.

15
Commercial value of the Boreal Forest
  • The stands of the boreal forest are primarily
    used for manufacturing pulp, paper, and
    cardboard.
  • Throughout Canada nearly 7000 logging companies
    provide jobs to nearly 400 000 people.
  • These industries inject billions of dollars into
    Canadas economy each year.
  • Canada is the world leader in the production and
    export of newsprint. Quebec accounts for one
    third of this.
  • Newsprint is primarily exported to the United
    States and China.

16
Forestry in Canada Today
  • Is the forest industry in Canada Quebec doing
    well?
  • The forest industry is currently going through
    very difficult times.
  • There are many logging companies, sawmills, pulp
    and paper producers that are shutting down there
    businesses.
  • This forces many people out of work.

17
  • Why is this happening to the forest industry?
  • Poor world economy
  • New laws which force companies to replant or use
    fewer trees.
  • New technology that requires less paper and wood.
  • Why is the closing of a sawmill or logging
    company such a big deal?
  • Many jobs are lost
  • People in other industries are affected. Ex
    stores and recreation

18
  • What are governments doing to help?
  • Investing millions of dollars into the industry.
  • Buying companies that have closed
  • Providing jobs to replant or manage forests.
  • Despite efforts it will take a long time for the
    industry to rebound.

19
Deforestation
  • There are many different terms used by
    governments and logging companies to describe the
    removal of trees from an area.
  • Land clearing cutting down trees in an area for
    farming, construction (towns and roads), or
    logging.
  • Land clearing is usually done for specific
    purposes. Only what is needed is cut down.

20
  • Degradation to a forest occurs when land clearing
    is poorly managed.
  • Degradation means that the necessary conditions
    for the renewal of the forest is greatly reduced
    or absent.
  • Proper conditions mean that soil conditions,
    climate, and pollution levels are at acceptable
    levels for re-growth.
  • Plant and animal life are still present as well.
  • Degradation can be reversed with proper care and
    management.

21
  • Deforestation refers to permanent deterioration
    of a forested area.
  • Deforestation occurs when all conditions are
    destroyed.
  • Ex Forested area is cleared to make a road or
    highway, malls, or housing developments.
  • Soil conditions and pollutions levels are too
    high for re-growth.
  • Plant and animal life has completely disappeared.

22
Case study Mauricie, Quebec
  • Mauricie is one of the largest producers of
    cardboard and newsprint. Most of their products
    are shipped to the US.
  • Logging is a huge industry in this region and has
    been for over 150 years.

23
  • The forest is the heart of Mauricie. The forest
    industry provides jobs to thousands of people.
  • Many aboriginal groups benefit from the forests
    in Mauricie.
  • Mauricie developed around their logging industry.
    (As explained earlier)
  • During the 20th century Mauricie grew as the
    demand for wood an paper grew.
  • Today the forest industry in Mauricie is one of
    the areas struggling during the current recession.

24
Silvicultural Practices in Mauricie
  • Silviculture refers to practices that ensure
    development of a forest and its conservation.
  • Silviculture protects both the natural resource
    and the people who benefit form it.

25
  1. In Mauricie, the government and companies are
    studying areas for development, as to not disrupt
    local hunting and fishing.
  2. Companies invite tourists to plant trees and
    visit harvesting operations.
  3. Inclusion of First Nation communities in decision
    making.
  4. Following parts of the Coulombe report harvest
    in different places at different times
    developing more wood products rather than
    shipping timber.
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