Body Systems II

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Body Systems II
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Excretory System (p. 912, 861skin)

• function to remove liquid wastes of metabolism
• parts
• kidneys filter blood
• ureters carry urine to urinary bladder
• urinary bladder stores urine
• urethra removes urine from body
• skin removes sweat (salt, water)
• pore releases sweat
• oil gland produces oil

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Circulatory System (p. 872,881 heart)

• functionpump transport blood throughout body
• parts
• heart pumps blood
• arteries carry blood away from heart
• arterioles (smaller in diameter than arteries,
• same function)
• capillaries connect arterioles venules
• venules (smaller in diameter than veins, same
• function)
• blood carries O2 nutrients to all cells
  removes CO2 metabolic wastes

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Circulatory System

• Types of circulation
• 1) coronary circulation through the heart
• 2) pulmonary circulation to/from lungs
• 3) systemic circulation to/from the body

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• Path of blood flow
• superior inferior vena cava
• right atrium
• valve
• right ventricle
• valve
• pulmonary artery
• lungs
• pulmonary vein
• left atrium
• valve
• left ventricle
• valve
• aorta

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Endocrine System (p. 975)

• function - secretes hormones (chemical
  messengers) to trigger target organs
• pituitary gland master gland secretes
  hormones that trigger other endocrine glands
• thyroid gland secretes thyroxine (regulates
• metabolism) calcitonin (regulates Ca levels)
• parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone
  (PTH)
• thymus gland functions in the immune system
• adrenal glands secrete epinephrine
  norepinephrine

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Endocrine System

• pancreas secretes insulin glucagon to
  regulate blood sugar levels
• ovaries (F) secrete estrogen progesterone
• testes (M) secrete testosterone

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Nervous System (p. 943, 951 brain)

• function integration control of information
• parts
• CNS (central nervous system)
• brain sends, receives, integrates
  messages
• spinal cord relays messages to/from brain
• (nerve cord)
• PNS (peripheral nervous system)
• nerves carry messages

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Nervous System

• neuron nerve cell (most specialized)
• cerebrum large part of brain
• (intellect, memory)
• cerebellum smaller part of brain
• (coordination)

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Reproductive System (p. 995)

• function (M) produces sperm prepares them
• for delivery to a females body
• testes produce sperm
• vas deferens transport sperm to urethra
• penis delivers semen to female reproductive
• tract
• scrotum houses testes

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Reproductive System

• function produces eggs, houses nourishes a
• developing embryo
• ovaries produce eggs
• Fallopian tubes (oviducts) transport eggs to
• uterus
• uterus nourishes/protects developing fetus
• vagina transports unfertilized eggs out of
  body/
• facilitates sperm transport into body

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Reproductive System

• ovulation release of a mature egg
• menstruation shedding the uterine linint
• menopause when ovulation ceases