ACIDS AND BASES

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ACIDS AND BASES
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• PS 9.8

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PROPERTIES OF ACIDS-HAVE A SOUR TASTE-ARE
CORROSIVE-CAN WEAR AWAY METAL-BURN THE
SKIN-TURN BLUE LITMUS PAPER RED-ALL START WITH
HYDROGEN
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-WHEN ADDED TO WATER THE CONCENTRATION OF
HYDRONIUM IONS (H3O) INCREASES.0-7 ON THE pH
SCALE
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EXAMPLES OF ACIDSPICKLESTOMATOSCITRUS FRUIT
(LEMONS, ORANGES)SULFURIC ACIDHYDROCHLORIC ACID
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STRONG ACIDS HAVE MORE HYDRONIUM IONS(SULFURIC
ACID-H2SO4 AND HYDROCHLORIC ACID-HCl)
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COMMON ACIDS AND THEIR USESSULFURIC ACID(H2SO4)
USED FOR DEHYDRATION (REMOVAL OF WATER FROM A
MATERIAL)HYDROCHLORIC ACID (HCl) USED TO CLEAN
METALS AND IS IN YOUR STOMACH TO DIGEST
FOODNITRIC ACID(HNO3) USED IN MAKING TNT
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PROPERTIES OF BASES-FEEL SLIPPERY-TASTE
BITTEFR-DISSOLVE HAIR, WOOL AND
FINGERNAILS.-DISSOLVE FATS AND OILS-TURNS RED
LITMUS PAPER BLUE.-TURNS PHENOLPHTHALEIN PINK
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-ALL END WITH THE HYDROXYL ION (OH-)-WHEN PUT
INTO WATER, THEY INCREASE THE CONCENTRATION OF
HYDROxYL IONS. THE MORE HYDROXYL IONS THE
STRONGER THE BASE7-14 ON THE pH SCALE
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COMMON BASESSODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaOH) USED IN
DRAIN CLEANERSALUMINUM HYDROXIDE (Al(OH)3)USED
IN DEODERANTSPOTASSIUM HYDROXIDE (KOH) USED IN
MATCH HEADS.
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pH IS THE MEASURE OF THE CONCENTRATION OF
HYDRONIUM IONS.WATER IS A NEUTRAL SOLUTION (HAS
NEITHER THE PROPERTIES OF AN ACID OR A BASE) (7)
THE HYDRONIUM IONS THE HYDROXYL IONS
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ACIDS THE NUMBER OF HYDRONIUM IONS IS HIGHER
THAN THE NUMBER OF HYDROXYL IONS.BASES - THE
NUMBER OF HYDROXYL IONS IS HIGHER THAN THE NUMBER
OF HYDRONIUM IONS.
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INDICATORSA SUBSTANCE THAT CHANGES COLOR IN THE
PRESENCE OF A TEST SUBSTANCE
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EXAMPLES OF INDICATORSRED LITMUS PAPERBLUE
LITMUS PAPERPHENOLPHTHALEIN
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NEUTRALIZATION REACTION (WHEN HYDRONIUM IONS
COMBINE WITH HYDROXYL IONS TO FORM WATER)ACID
BASE ? WATER SALTHCl NaOH ? H2O NaCl
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PROPERTIES OF SALTSFORMED FROM IONS OF A BASE
AND IONS OF AN ACID
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EXAMPLES OF SALTS-MAGNESIUM SULFATE(MgSO4)(EPSOM
SALT) USED IN THE HEADS OF MATCHES-POTASSIUM
CHLORIDE (KCl)USED IN LOW SODIUM DIETS-AMMONIUM
NITRATE (NH4NO3)USED IN ROCKET FUELS AND
FERTILIZERS
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PRECIPITATE AN INSOLUBLE SOLID THAT SEPERATES
OUT OF SOLUTIONELECTROLYTE SUBSTANCE THAT
CONDUCTS ELECTRICITY IN THE PRESENCE OF WATER.
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