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HUMAN EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS

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Human use of ecosystems: Humans have decreased biodiversity of ecosystems at a very fast rate 5 factors affecting biodiversity: 1. Habitat change Humans alter a ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: HUMAN EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS


1
HUMAN EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS
2
Humans and Biodiversity
  • Human use of ecosystems
  • Humans have decreased biodiversity of ecosystems
    at a very fast rate

3
Factors Affecting Biodiversity
  • 5 factors affecting biodiversity
  • 1. Habitat change
  • Humans alter a habitat enough that the native
    species can no longer live there
  • The species either die or move to another habitat
  • We change habitats for agriculture, forestry, and
    urban development
  • Sometimes habitats are only changed slightly
    which forces species to live among houses,
    buildings, and small forest areas

4
Factors Affecting Biodiversity
  • 2. Overexploitation
  • We use resources faster than they can be replaced
  • Can lead to extinction
  • ex. Over fishing has reduced the number of fish
    in the worlds ocean

Shark Alert Species Struggle!
5
Factors Affecting Biodiversity
  • 3. Climate change
  • Average temperature, rainfall, and wind increase
    or decrease
  • Individuals need to adapt to new conditions in
    order to survive
  • Major cause of loss of biodiversity around the
    world
  • Global warming is an increase in the earths
    average temperature
  • Mainly caused by carbon dioxide emissions

6
Climate Change means Habitat Change
Climate Change
7
Factors Affecting Biodiversity
  • 4. Invasive species
  • Introduction of non-native species to all parts
    of the globe
  • This species can cause harm to an ecosystem
    because they compete with native species
  • They would also have no predators in a new
    ecosystem
  • Ex. Asian long horn beetle in this area has
    damaged trees and caused them to be removed

Zebra and Quagga Mussels
8
Factors Affecting Biodiversity
  • 5. Pollution
  • Any substance added to the environment that
    produces a condition that is harmful to organisms
  • ex. solid waste that cant be recycled
  • - CO2 gas in the air produced from
    cars, air planes, power plants, and
    factories
  • - fertilizer run-off from farms
  • - salt run-off from roads

9
Impact of Pollution on Ecosystems
  • In Canada, pollutants come from mining and
    refining metals, electric power generators, oil
    and gas operations, and cars
  • Nitrogen and sulphur are the most common
    pollutants in those emissions
  • The emissions combine with water vapour in the
    air to form acids (this forms acid rain)
  • Affects soil, vegetation, lakes, rivers, and
    terrestrial and aquatic animals
  • Acid rain can damage the waxy coating that
    protects leaves and it can seep into the soil and
    burn the skin of earthworms

10
Formation of Acid Rain
11
Assessing Effects on Soil
  • Soil Profile
  • 1. topsoil
  • Uppermost layer in soil
  • Contains decaying organic matter, rock particles,
    bacteria, fungi, insects, worms
  • 2. subsoil
  • Layer below topsoil
  • Has roots from trees and bacteria
  • 3. bedrock
  • Bottom of the soil
  • Is solid rock and water cant pass through it
  • Therefore, acid rain would affect the topsoil and
    subsoil

12
The pH Scale
  • Acidity is an abiotic factor that is connected to
    the chemical environment of soil
  • Acids are very common in our life, for example,
    in orange juice we drink
  • pH scale is a measurement of the acidity of
    substances
  • ex. Sour taste in lemons
  • - water is said to be neutral, pH 7
  • Low pH means substance is very acidic, ex. pH 2
  • Acidic soil can damage plant growth

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