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Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Thermal Energy, Temperature, and Heat Lesson 2 Thermal Energy Transfers Lesson 3 Using Thermal Energy Chapter Wrap-Up – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Chapter Menu


1
Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Thermal Energy,
Temperature, and Heat Lesson 2 Thermal Energy
Transfers Lesson 3 Using Thermal
Energy Chapter Wrap-Up
2
Chapter Introduction
  • How can thermal energy be used?

3
Chapter Introduction
  • What do you think?

Before you begin, decide if you agree or disagree
with each of these statements. As you view this
presentation, see if you change your mind about
any of the statements.
4
Chapter Introduction
Do you agree or disagree?
  • 1. Temperature is the same as thermal energy.
  • 2. Heat is the movement of thermal energy from a
    hotter object to a cooler object.
  • 3. It takes a large amount of energy to
    significantly change the temperature of an object
    with a low specific heat.

5
Chapter Introduction
Do you agree or disagree?
  • 4. The thermal energy of an object can never be
    increased or decreased.
  • 5. Car engines create energy.
  • 6. Refrigerators cool food by moving thermal
    energy from inside the refrigerator to the
    outside.

6
Lesson 1 Reading Guide - KC
Thermal Energy, Temperature, and Heat
  • How are temperature and kinetic energy related?
  • How do heat and thermal energy differ?

7
Lesson 1 Reading Guide - Vocab
Thermal Energy, Temperature, and Heat
  • thermal energy
  • temperature
  • heat

8
Lesson 1-1
Kinetic and Potential Energy
  • Potential energy is stored energy due to the
    interaction between two objects.
  • The potential energy plus the kinetic energy of
    an object is the mechanical energy of the object.

9
Lesson 1-2
What is thermal energy?
  • Every solid, liquid, and gas is .
  • Because particles are in motion, they have
    kinetic energy.
  • The faster particles move, the more kinetic
    energy they have.

10
Lesson 1-2
What is thermal energy? (cont.)
  • The greater the average distance between
    particles, the greater the potential energy of
    the particles.
  • Thermal energy is the .

11
Lesson 1-2
  • The potential energy of the soccer ball depends
    on the distance between the ball and Earth. The
    potential energy of the particles of matter
    depends on their distance from one another.

12
Lesson 1-2
What is thermal energy? (cont.)
  • Mechanical energy describes the energy of one
    object.
  • Thermal energy describes the energy of the
    particles that make up a solid, liquid, or gas.

13
Lesson 1-3
What is temperature?
  • Scientists define temperature in terms of
    kinetic energy.
  • Temperature

14
Lesson 1-3
What is temperature? (cont.)
temperature from Latin temperatura, means
moderating, tempering
15
Lesson 1-3
What is temperature? (cont.)
  • The greater the average kinetic energy of
    particles, the .
  • The particles in warmer air move at a greater
    average speed than the particles in colder air.

16
Lesson 1-3
What is temperature? (cont.)
How are temperature and kinetic energy related?
17
Lesson 1-3
What is temperature? (cont.)
  • Temperature and thermal energy are related, but
    they are not the same.
  • The particles that make up liquid and solid water
    .

18
Lesson 1-3
What is temperature? (cont.)
  • Thermometers are used to measure temperature.
  • Common temperature scales are Celsius (C),
    Kelvin (K), and Fahrenheit (F).

19
Lesson 1-4
What is heat?
  • is called heat.
  • All objects have thermal energy however, you
    heat something when thermal energy transfers from
    one object to another.
  • The rate at which heating occurs depends on the
    difference in temperatures between the objects.

20
Lesson 1-4
What is heat? (cont.)
How do heat and thermal energy differ?
21
Lesson 1 - VS
  • The greater the distance between two particles
    or two objects, the greater the potential
    energy.
  • Heat is the movement of thermal energy from a
    warmer object to a cooler object.

22
Lesson 1 - VS
  • When thermal energy moves between a material and
    its environment, the materials temperature
    changes.

23
Lesson 1 - Now
Do you agree or disagree?
  • 1. Temperature is the same as thermal energy.
  • 2. Heat is the movement of thermal energy from a
    hotter object to a cooler object.

24
Lesson 2 Reading Guide - KC
Thermal Energy Transfers
  • What is the effect of having a small specific
    heat?
  • What happens to a material when it is heated?
  • In what ways can thermal energy be transferred?

25
Lesson 2 Reading Guide - Vocab
Thermal Energy Transfers
  • thermal expansion
  • thermal contraction
  • convection
  • convection current
  • radiation
  • conduction
  • thermal conductor
  • thermal insulator
  • specific heat

26
Lesson 2-1
How is thermal energy transferred?
  • Thermal energy is transferred in three ways.

27
Lesson 2-2
Radiation
  • is called radiation.
  • Radiation is the only way thermal energy can
    travel from the Sun to Earth, because space is a
    vacuum.
  • Radiation also transfers thermal energy through
    solids, liquids, and gases.

28
Lesson 2-2
Radiation (cont.)
vacuum Science Use a space that contains little
or no matter Common Use a device for cleaning
carpets and rugs that uses suction
29
Lesson 2-3
Conduction
  • When particles with different kinetic energies
    collide, the particles with higher kinetic energy
    transfer energy to particles with lower kinetic
    energy.
  • is called conduction.
  • Conduction continues until the thermal energy of
    all particles in contact is equal.

30
Lesson 2-3
Conduction (cont.)
  • The hot air transfers thermal energy to, or
    heats, the cool lemonade by conduction.
  • Eventually the kinetic thermal energy and
    temperature of the air and the lemonade will be
    equal.

31
Lesson 2-3
Conduction (cont.)
  • A thermal conductor is a
  • A thermal insulator is a

32
Lesson 2-3
Conduction (cont.)
  • is called specific heat.
  • Waters high specific heat helps prevent your
    body from overheating.
  • Changing the temperature of a material with a low
    specific heat is easier than to change the
    temperature of a material with a high specific
    heat.

33
Lesson 2-3
  • In a hot car, the temperature of thermal
    conductors, such as the safety-belt buckles,
    increases more quickly than the temperature of
    thermal insulators, such as the seat material.

34
Lesson 2-3
Conduction (cont.)
What does it mean if a material has a low
specific heat?
35
Lesson 2-4
Thermal Expansion and Contraction
  • Thermal contraction is a
  • Thermal expansion is an
  • Thermal expansion and contraction are most
    noticeable in gases, less noticeable in liquids,
    and the least noticeable in solids.

36
Lesson 2-4
Thermal Expansion and Contraction (cont.)
What happens to the volume of a gas when it is
heated?
37
Lesson 2-5
Convection
  • Convection is the .
  • Convection only occurs in fluids.

convection from Greek convectionem, means the
act of carrying
38
Lesson 2-5
  • This cycle of cooler water sinking and forcing
    warmer water upward is an example of convection.

39
Lesson 2-5
Convection (cont.)
What are the three processes that transfer
thermal energy?
40
Lesson 2-5
Convection (cont.)
  • is a convection current.
  • Convection currents circulate the water in
    Earths oceans and other bodies of water.

41
Lesson 2-5
Convection Currents in Earths Atmosphere
42
Lesson 2 - VS
  • When a material has a low specific heat,
    transferring a small amount of energy to the
    material increases its temperature significantly.

43
Lesson 2 - VS
  • Thermal energy can be transferred through
    radiation, conduction, or convection.

44
Lesson 2 - VS
  • When a material is heated, the thermal energy of
    the material increases and the material expands.

45
Lesson 2 - Now
Do you agree or disagree?
3. It takes a large amount of energy to
significantly change the temperature of an object
with a low specific heat. 4. The thermal energy
of an object can never be increased or decreased.
46
Lesson 3 Reading Guide - KC
Using Thermal Energy
  • How does a thermostat work?
  • How does a refrigerator keep food cold?
  • What are the energy transformations in a car
    engine?

47
Lesson 3 Reading Guide - Vocab
Using Thermal Energy
  • heating appliance
  • thermostat
  • refrigerator
  • heat engine

48
Lesson 3-1
Thermal Energy Transformations
  • Thermostats transform thermal energy into
    mechanical energy that switch heaters on and off.
  • Even though many devices transform energy from
    one form to another or transfer energy from one
    place to another, the total amount of energy does
    not change.

49
Lesson 3-2
Heating Appliances
  • is a heating appliance.
  • Curling irons, coffeemakers, and clothes irons
    are some examples of heating appliances.

50
Lesson 3-3
Thermostats
  • A thermostat is a .

thermostat from Greek therme, meaning heat and
statos, meaning a standing
51
Lesson 3-3
Thermostats (cont.)
  • Most thermostats contain a bimetallic coil made
    of two types of metal joined together and bent
    into a coil.
  • The metal on the inside of the coil expands and
    contracts more than the metal on the outside of
    the coil.
  • When a room warms or cools, the thermal energy
    causes the bimetallic coil to uncurl slightly or
    tighten, which turns the furnace off or on.

52
Lesson 3-3
Thermostats (cont.)
How does the bimetallic coil in a thermostat
respond to heating and cooling?
53
Lesson 3-4
Refrigerators
  • is called a refrigerator.
  • In a refrigerator, a coolant is pumped through
    pipes on the inside and the outside of the
    refrigerator.

54
Lesson 3-4
  • Coolant in a refrigerator moves thermal energy
    from inside to outside the refrigerator.

55
Lesson 3-4
  • The coolant, which begins as a liquid, passes
    through an expansion valve and cools.

56
Lesson 3-4
  • As the cold gas flows through pipes inside the
    refrigerator, it absorbs thermal energy from the
    refrigerator compartment and vaporizes.

57
Lesson 3-4
Refrigerators (cont.)
How does a refrigerator keep food cold?
58
Lesson 3-5
Heat Engines
  • A heat engine is a
  • When a heat engine converts thermal energy into
    mechanical energy, the mechanical energy moves
    the vehicle.
  • Most cars, buses, boats, trucks, and lawn mowers
    use a type of heat engine called an internal
    combustion engine.

59
Lesson 3-5
Internal Combustion Engine
60
Lesson 3-5
Internal Combustion Engine
61
Lesson 3-5
Heat Engines (cont.)
What is one form of energy that is output from a
heat engine?
62
Lesson 3 - VS
  • A bimetallic coil inside a thermostat controls a
    switch that turns a heating or cooling device on
    or off.

63
Lesson 3 - VS
  • A refrigerator keeps food cold by moving thermal
    energy from the inside of the refrigerator out to
    the refrigerators surroundings.

64
Lesson 3 - VS
  • In a car engine, chemical energy in fuel is
    transformed into thermal energy. Some of this
    thermal energy is then transformed into
    mechanical energy.

65
Lesson 3 - Now
Do you agree or disagree?
5. Car engines create energy. 6. Refrigerators
cool food by moving thermal energy from inside
the refrigerator to the outside.
66
Chapter Review Menu
Key Concept Summary Interactive Concept
Map Chapter Review Standardized Test Practice
67
The BIG Idea
  • Thermal energy can be transferred by conduction,
    radiation, and convection. Thermal energy also
    can be transformed into other forms of energy and
    used in devices such as thermostats,
    refrigerators, and automobile engines.

68
Key Concepts 1
Lesson 1 Thermal Energy, Temperature, and Heat
  • The temperature of a material is the average
    kinetic energy of the particles that make up the
    material.
  • Heat is the movement of thermal energy from a
    material or area with a higher temperature to a
    material or area with a lower temperature.
  • When a material is heated, the materials
    temperature changes.

69
Key Concepts 2
Lesson 2 Thermal Energy Transfers
  • When a material has a low specific heat,
    transferring a small amount of energy to the
    material increases its temperature significantly.
  • When a material is heated, the thermal energy of
    the material increases and the material expands.
  • Thermal energy can be transferred by conduction,
    radiation, or convection.

70
Key Concepts 3
Lesson 3 Using Thermal Energy
  • The two different metals in a bimetallic coil
    inside a thermostat expand and contract at
    different rates. The bimetallic coil curs and
    uncurls, depending on the thermal energy of the
    air, pushing a switch that turns a heating or
    cooling device on or off.
  • A refrigerator keeps food cold by moving thermal
    energy from inside the refrigerator out to the
    refrigerators surroundings.
  • In a car engine, chemical energy in fuel is
    transformed into thermal energy. Some of this
    thermal energy is then transformed into
    mechanical energy.
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