Title: Al Harris Library
1Al Harris Library
- Library Instruction for Historical Research
- Frederic Murray
- MLIS, University of British Columbia
- BA, Political Science, University of Iowa
- Instructional Services Librarian
- frederic.murray_at_swosu.edu
2Center for History New Media
- Teaching Learning
- Providing free access to primary sources,
building high-quality online teaching modules,
and offering instruction on critical thinking
skills.
3There are days when the result is so bad
that no fewer than five revisions are required.
In contrast, when I'm greatly inspired, only four
revisions are needed."--John Kenneth Galbraith
4WRITING is essentially REWRITING
Boyer, Paul S., and Stephen Nissenbaum. Salem
Possessed The Social Origins of Witchcraft.
Cambridge, Mass Harvard University Press, 1974.
5Todays Class
- Research Strategies
- Process
- Thesis
- Boolean
- Keyword
- Limiters
- Citation Tracking
- Works Cited
- Resources
- Catalogs
- Bibliographies
- Databases
- Scholarly Journals
- WWW
- Primary Sources
- Secondary Sources
- Tertiary Sources
6Exercise I Research Puzzle
7The Research Process
- GET A TOPIC
- DEVELOP YOUR SEARCH STRATEGY
- SEARCH AND READ
- WRITE YOUR PAPER, SPEECH PRESENTATION ETC.
- CITE YOUR SOURCES
8Goal write a paper that
- Asks a good historical question
- 2. Tells how its interpretation connects to
previous work by other historians, and - 3. Offers a well-organized and persuasive thesis
of its own.
9Create a Thesis Statement
- Thesis Statements
- Make an assertion
- Take a stand
- Explain what youre going to write about
- Are narrow and specific
- Have one main point
- Think about questions your research might help
you answer. - State your topic as a question first, then revise
it to be a statement.
10Offering a well-organized and persuasive thesis
- Think of your thesis as answering a question
- Have your thesis answer a "how" or "why"
question, rather than a "what" question - what leads to mere description
- how why leads to critical analysis
11Strong Thesis Statement (Exercise II)
- Is specific
- 2. Addresses a potential contradiction and is
arguable - 3. Provides a logical way to structure the
argument
12Boolean
13Searching for Primary SourcesKEYWORDS
- - Correspondence
- - Sources
- - Diaries
- - Interviews
- - Literary collections
- - Personal narratives
- - Pictorial works
- - Posters
- - Songs/Music
- - Speeches, addresses, etc.
- - Treaties
Tell the Catalog/Database what you seek
Specifically!
14Keywords Boolean
- Civil War and Diaries
- Civil War and Sources
- Civil War and Correspondence
- WORKS FOR CATALOG/DATABASES/WEB
15Class Exercise III Keywords
- Civil War and History
- Civil War and ?
- Civil War and ?
16Al Harris Catalog
- Remember Catalog defaults to relevance search
- Remember Use a Keyword search and Boolean to
help limit results - Remember Use Limiters to narrow your search.
- Remember Use Subject links to focus on your
topic. -
17Ebooks Accessible through Library Catalog or
Webpage
- Ebrary
- Net Library
- Two separate platforms ( think Xbox PS3).
- Create Accounts bookshelf, annotate, highlight.
18 Open World Cat
- Meta search engine for online catalogs of
libraries all over the world. Search for any book
using a geographic location for the closest
sources. - Over 9000 libraries combined.
- If you find it in WorldCat, and it's not in our
library, we can get it through ILL. - CREATE A USER ACCOUNT
19Searching for Primary SourcesKEYWORDS
- - Correspondence
- - Sources
- - Diaries
- - Interviews
- - Literary collections
- - Personal narratives
- - Pictorial works
- - Posters
- - Songs/Music
- - Speeches, addresses, etc.
- - Treaties
Tell the Catalog/Database what you seek
Specifically!
20Keywords Boolean
- Civil War and Diaries
- Civil War and Sources
- Civil War and Correspondence
- In Open WorldCat this is a Gold Mine!
21Exercise IV Catalog/WorldCat
- Topic Russian Revolution
- Try to find a Primary Source
22What types of sources will you use for your
research?
- Books/Bibliographies
- Journal Articles
- Primary Documents
- Print documents and manuscripts
- First person accounts in newspapers
- Online digital collections
- CITATIONS
23Bibliographies, Indexes Abstracts
- Bibliographies
- Annotated
- National
- Subject
- Indexes
- An open-end finding guide to the literature of an
academic field or discipline. - Abstracts
- A brief, objective representation of the
essential content of a book, article, speech,
report, dissertation.
Traditional Reference Tools used to find sources.
24Keywords Boolean
- Civil War and Bibliographies
- Civil War and Indexes
- Civil War and Abstracts
- WORKS FOR CATALOG/DATABASES/WEB
25Databases Social Sciences
- History Resource Center United States
- History Resource Center World
- New York Times, 18512004
- JSTOR Journal Archive
- Oklahoma Historical Society
- OSU Library Electronic Publishing Center
Use Advanced Search Boolean/ Keywords/Limiters
26Limiters Database Field Headings
- Title
- Author
- Source
- Date
- Abstract
- Full Text
- Subject/Keyword
- Databases can be
- searched using any
- combination of
- the field headings.
27Ebsco Demonstration
28Citations
- We think of citation patterns as the flow of
information," says Carl Bergstrom, a biologist at
the University of Washington. "That's what a
citation is??the trace that an idea flowed from
one place to another."
29Tracking Citations begins by finding the Journal
30Tracking Citations
- Rosenzweig, Roy. "Can History Be Open Source?
Wikipedia and the Future of the Past." Journal of
American History 93, no. 1 (June 2006) 117-146.
Education Research Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed
December 11, 2008).
31The Citation Video
32Exercise V VI Periodical/Database
33Peer-Reviewed Articles
- POPULAR MAGAZINES
- COME IN MANY FORMATS, BUT USUALLY SOMEWHAT SLICK
AND ATTRACTIVE IN APPEARANCE - RARELY CITE SOURCES. INFO. IS USUALLY
SECONDARY, REPORTED FROM SOURCE - ARTICLES SHORT, WRITTEN IN SIMPLE LANGUAGE AND
FOR A MINIMAL EDUCATION LEVEL - USUALLY LOT OF ADVERTISING AND PICTURES
- PAGINATION RESTARTS IN EVERY ISSUE
- SCHOLARLY JOURNALS
- HAVE A SOBER, SERIOUS LOOK
- ALWAYS CITE THEIR SOURCES IN FOOTNOTES/BIBLIOGRAPH
IES - ARTICLES WRITTEN BY A SCHOLAR OR RESEARCHER
HORSES MOUTH - PEER-REVIEWED BY SCHOLARS
- LANGUAGE OF JOURNAL ASSUMES SOME SCHOLARLY
BACKGROUND ON THE PART OF READER - ADVERTISING IS SPECIALIZED TO THAT DISCIPLINE
- PAGINATION IS CUMULATIVE
34Ulrichsweb Ulrichs Periodicals Directory
- Global source for periodicals since 1932.
- Bibliographic database providing authoritative
information on serials published throughout the
world. - Exercise VII
- What Makes a Journal Scholarly ?
35Primary Sources
- Primary sources are original records created at
the time historical events occurred or well after
events in the form of memoirs and oral histories.
- Print documents and manuscripts
- First person accounts in newspapers
- Online digital collections
- National Archives
- Records Administration
36PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
DEFINITIONS Sources that contain raw, original, non interpreted and unevaluated information. Sources that digest, analyze, evaluate and interpret the information contained within primary sources. They tend to be argumentative. Sources that compile, analyze, and digest secondary sources. They tend to be factual.
TIMING OF PUBLICATION CYCLE Primary sources tend to come first in the publication cycle. Secondary sources tend to come second in the publication cycle. Tertiary sources tend to come last in the publication cycle.
FORMATS--depends on the kind of analysis being conducted. Often newspapers, weekly and monthly-produced magazines letters, diaries. Often scholarly periodicals and books. (Professors like these.) Often reference books.
EXAMPLE Historian (studying the Vietnam War) Newspaper articles, weekly news magazines, monthly magazines, diaries, correspondence, diplomatic records. Articles in scholarly journals analyzing the war, possibly footnoting primary documents books analyzing the war. Historical Dictionary of Vietnam The Vietnam War, An Almanac
37Works Cited Page
- TWO PARTS
- Primary
- Secondary
- Be sure to divide your sources into primary and
secondary.
38Finding Primary Sources WWW
- Library of CongressAn outstanding and
invaluable site for American history and general
studies. Contains primary and secondary
documents, exhibits, map collections, prints and
photographs, sound recordings, and motion
pictures. The LOC's American Memory Historical
Collections, a must-see, contain the bulk of
digitalized materials, but the Exhibitions
Gallery is enticing and informative as well. - National Archives and Records
AdministrationThe NARA offers federal archives,
exhibits, classroom resources, census records,
Hot Topics, and more. The Online Exhibit Hall has
features on the New Deal, WWII, and photographs
from 1864 to 1921.
39Finding Primary Sources WWW
- American Memory Historical Collections for the
National Digital Library - Avalon Project Documents in Law, History and
Diplomacy - Making of America 19th c. books and magazines
40Finding Primary Sources on the Web II
- The Internet History Sourcebooks
- The Internet History Sourcebooks are collections
of public domain and copy-permitted historical
texts. The Sourcebooks include an Ancient History
Sourcebook, a Medieval Sourcebook, and a Modern
History Sourcebook, as well as assorted other
Sourcebooks on topics such as Women's history,
Islamic history, and East Asian history.
41Oklahoma History and Culture
- Chronicles of Oklahoma
- The first 40 volumes of the Oklahoma Historical
Society's journal, digitized by Oklahoma State
University. - Eastern Oklahoma County Regional History Center
- This project of Rose State College was
established to preserve the unique history of the
communities of Eastern Oklahoma County, including
Tinker Air Force Base, and to promote the
understanding of the importance of the region to
the State of Oklahoma, the southwestern region of
states, and the United States. Collections
include oral histories and historic photographs
of Tinker Air Force Base. - Oklahoma Crossroads
- Oklahoma Crossroads Documents and Images
consists of selected digital collections of the
Oklahoma Department of Libraries spanning more
than 100 years of rich, vibrant history. These
collections include documents, photographs,
newspapers, reports, pamphlets, posters, maps,
and an author database ranging in date from the
late 1800s to present. - Western History Digital Collections
- The Western History Collection is a special
collection within the University of Oklahoma
Libraries system. Its purpose is to enhance the
University Libraries general collection on the
history of the American West to support the
research and teaching programs of the University
of Oklahoma and to provide opportunities for
research through the acquisition, preservation,
and access of materials relating to the
development of the Trans-Mississippi West and
Native American cultures. - OSU Library Electronic Publishing Center
42Searching for Primary SourcesKEYWORDS
- - Correspondence
- - Sources
- - Diaries
- - Interviews
- - Literary collections
- - Personal narratives
- - Pictorial works
- - Posters
- - Songs/Music
- - Speeches, addresses, etc.
- - Treaties
Tell the Webpage what you seek Specifically!
43Google Scholar
- Google Scholar provides a simple way to broadly
search for scholarly literature. Search across
many disciplines and sources peer-reviewed
papers, theses, books, abstracts and articles,
from academic publishers, professional societies,
preprint repositories, universities and other
scholarly organizations.
44Google Scholar
- Works best for citations
- Restrictions to Content
- Fee-based
- Often your Library already owns material
- Were working on improving access
45Wikipedia
- Wiki A Web application that allows users to add
content to a collaborative hypertext Web resource
(coauthoring), as in an Internet forum, and
permits others to edit that content (open
editing).
46Wikipedia
- Jimmy Wales January 15, 2001
- No Original Research
- NPOV (Neutral point of view)
- No owners, multiple anonymous authors
- Anyone with Internet access can create or edit an
entryAnyone
47Wikipedia
- Participation maps popular, not academic concerns
- It is a working communitybut is it a good
historical resource? - Lack of Critical Analysis
- Problematic as a sole source of information
- Like all encyclopediasok to start, terrible
place to stop. - Benefits are to its active participants, not its
readers. - Anyone can edit a page..Anyone
48wikirage
- A site listing pages in Wikipedia which are
receiving the most edits per unique editor over
various periods of time. - Wikipedia is a disruptive tertiary information
source.
49PRIMARY
SECONDARY
TERTIARY
DEFINITIONS Sources that contain raw, original, non interpreted and unevaluated information. Sources that digest, analyze, evaluate and interpret the information contained within primary sources. They tend to be argumentative. Sources that compile, analyze, and digest secondary sources. They tend to be factual.
TIMING OF PUBLICATION CYCLE Primary sources tend to come first in the publication cycle. Secondary sources tend to come second in the publication cycle. Tertiary sources tend to come last in the publication cycle.
FORMATS--depends on the kind of analysis being conducted. Often newspapers, weekly and monthly-produced magazines letters, diaries. Often scholarly periodicals and books. (Professors like these.) Often reference books.
EXAMPLE Historian (studying the Vietnam War) Newspaper articles, weekly news magazines, monthly magazines, diaries, correspondence, diplomatic records. Articles in scholarly journals analyzing the war, possibly footnoting primary documents books analyzing the war. Historical Dictionary of Vietnam The Vietnam War, An Almanac
50KEY Elements for Your Paper
- Works Cited Page
- Divide into Primary/Secondary !
-
- NO ENCYCLOPEDIAS !
- 20 of your grade is based on critiquing your
fellow classmates
51KEY Elements for Your Paper
- Stress analysis Do not simply parrot your
sources i.e. radical leaders Marxist
Professors. - Who says they are radical? Marxist?
- Watch your assumptions.
- Do your own analysis.
52KEY Elements for Your Paper
- And finally
- Professor Bromert hates felt.
- Example President Kennedy felt he had no choice
but to invade Cuba. - How can anyone know what the President felt who
cares anyway.
53Writing Your Paper
- Writing Center
- Located in the basement of the library
- Call for appointment 774-7083
- Turabian Style
- Style Sheets
- Turabian Handbook at Reference Circulation Desk
54Questions?
- Contact me
- Frederic Murray
- 774-7113
- frederic.murray_at_swosu.edu
- http//faculty.swosu.edu/frederic.murray/
55- Exercise I Research Puzzle
- Exercise II Thesis
- Exercise III Class - Keywords
- Exercise IV Catalog/WorldCat
- Exercise V VI Periodical/Database
- Exercise VII Scholarly Tutorial