Turing Test

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Turing Test
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?? ???(Turing test)

• ?? ???(Turing test)? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ????
  ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????, ?? ???1950??
  ????.

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'???? ??? ???'?? ? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??(19121954)
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?? ????

• 2014? 6?? ?? ???(University of Reading), ???? ???
  ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??.
• ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???, ???? 30?? 5? ? ???
  ?? ? ?? ? 3?? 1? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????.
• ??? 13?? ????? ???? ??? ????.

???
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???? ???? 64??? ?????? ??? ? ??

• (??????????) ??? ??? '???? ???? ????'? ????
  ???? ???? ??? ? '?? ???'? ??? ? ??? ???? ??
  ???(University of Reading, www.reading.ac.uk)?
  2014.6.8?(????) ????.

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?? ????(Eugene Goostman)

• www.princetonai.com

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?? ????

• ?? ?? (Hi, boy)?? ??, ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ???.
  ? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??!?? ?? ??? (Do you know
  kimchi?)?? ? ??? ??.?? ?? ??? ? ?????
  ?? ?? ? ?????? ??? ??? (Do you know Yuna
  Kim?)?? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????. ?? ??!
  ?? ??? ????!?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???
  ?????(talking programs)? ? ?? ??? ??. ???? ????
  ??? ??.

? ??? ? ?????
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?? ?? ? ???

• ?? ?? ?????? ? ???!?? ?? ??? ? ??????
  ?? ??? ????? -?? ??? ?????? ??! ?? ?????
  ???? ??? ???

http//www.simsimi.com/talk.htm ????
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?? ???? vs ???

• ?? ???(? ?????? ??)?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??
  ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ???(Mantra)? ?? ??? ?? ??. ??. ??
  ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ? ?????

????? ???
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(No Transcript)
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• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vYyl5kQmXDNo (????
  ???? '13? ????' ??, 150)
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vw2o_5gwe1Pw
  (???????,850)

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?? ???

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vt5kJadhmadQ (??
  ??,???? 450)
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vm1YI68d34mE
  (????? ??, 226)

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?? vs. ???
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• 1989? IBM?? ?? ?? ?? ??? '? ??(Deep Thought)' ?
  ??? ????.
• 1997? ???? ????? ?? ?????(Garry Kasparov)? IBM
  ????? '???(Deep Blue)'? ?? ? ???? 2? 1? 3?
• ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????, 1997?? ??, ? 512??
  ????? ???? ???, 1? ?? 1??? ??? ???? ?????.(1012)

???
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1012
1015
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• 2014? 11? TOP500 ?? 5? (Top500.org)
• ?? ??? ?? 1? ? ?? ??(?)
• 1 ?? 2?(?? ????? ??????? ??) 3?3862? ?
  33.86???? (FLOPS, FLoating point OPerations
  per Second)
• 2 ???, Cray(?? ???? ?????) 1?7590? ?17.59????
• 3 ????, IBM(?? ??? ???? ?????) 1?7173? ?
  16.32?????
• 4 K(?? ??? ???, ???) 1?510? ?
• 5 ?? IBM(?? ??? ?? ???) 8586? ?
• (?? ?? ?? ??? TOP500 ??? ??? ??)

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3
1
2
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????? ??
278?/Top500
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• 2002? 10? 6?, ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????
  '????(Deep Fritz)'? ????
•  2? 4? 2?? ???
• 2006? 11?12?. ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??
  ????? 4? 2? ????? ??? ??.

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??(Chess)

• 8 8 ??? ??, ? ??? ?16?? ? (10?)
• 8?? ?(Pawn) 8 3 24
• 2?? ??(Rook) 2 (7 7) 28
• 2?? ???(Knight).  2 8 16.
• 2?? ??(Bishop). 2 13 26.
• 1?? ?(King). ????????? 1?? ?? ?????. 8.
• 1?? ?(Queen). ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??. ?? 14
  13 27
• ?? 129.
•  129 10  1,276,136,419,117,121,619,201 1.3
  1021
• ??? 10?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? 1276136419 ?
  354482 ?? 14770 ?  40 ? (???, ?? ????? ???
  ? 117? ?? ????)
• ???? 19 19 361?? ? 36110  37,589,973,457,54
  5,958,193,355,601 3.8 1025
• ? ???? 1?? 1?? ????? ????. 10 pFLOPS

?? 10120, ?? 10800 (361!)
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What is IBM Watson?
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?? ???

• IBM Watson is a computer system that defines a
  new era of computing. Watson is IBM's answer to
  the next generation of computing challenges, in
  which people want to interact with systems that
  truly understand natural language rather than
  simply crunching numbers.

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Jeopardy!

• ???!(Jeopardy!)? ??, ??, ??, ? ??, ??, ???, ???,
  ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???.
• 1964? 3? 30? NBC?? ?? ??

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??? 1. ? ???.?? ? ????(74?) ?300,000?????
2. ??? ?? ???!? ?? ???(??)? 200,000?????.
IBM ????? ??. ? 1,000,000?? 2011. 2.
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 IBM AND THE JEOPARDY CHALLENGE(June 2010 IBM) 

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vFC3IryWr4c8
  (358)
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vLZv3FN4VI7M
  (909) ????

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WATSON'S FACE AND VOICE

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vWIKM732oEekt52
  (526)

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THE SCIENCE BEHIND AN ANSWER

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vDywO4zksfXw
  (642)
• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vHMBPt1g9mak
  (642) ????

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IBM Watson How it Works

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?v_Xcmh1LQB9I
  (753)

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??? ??? ??? ambiguity
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??? ??? ??? ambiguity
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? ???? ???? ?? 100 '??? ?? ??' ??
????, ??? ?? ?? ???? '????(Cepheus) ??2015. 1.
??? ???? ??? ???
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??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??

• ?? ????? ?? DQN(deep Q-network) ?? ?? ????? ????
  ?? ??
•  ?? ?????? ?? '???'? ?? ??? '???' ????? ?? '??'?
  ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???
• 49?? ?????(???? ????, ????Breakout)? ??? ????
  ???? ??

2015/02/26 ???? ??? 'DQN  
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???, ???? ??? ???? ???? ???
100? ??(? 12??)? ??
3000?? ? ??

• https//www.youtube.com/watch?vrttWe-jJ4rg
• 3? 9?(1?) 3? 10?(2?), 3? 12?(3?), 3? 13?(4?), 3?
  15?(5?)

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(No Transcript)