Chapter 10 Bleeding

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Chapter 10Bleeding
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Blood-average blood volume in an adult is 10-12
pints.

• Only 2.5 percent of people in NJ donate blood. We
  need more blood. Delicious snacks will be
  provided.

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3 functions of blood

• 1. transports oxygen, nutrients and wastes
• 2. protects against disease by producing
  antibodies and defends against pathogens.
• 3. maintain body temperature

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Components of Blood

• Liquid part of blood-plasma. Makes up half of
  total blood volume.
• Function of plasma-nutrients for energy, growth
  and cell maintenance, carries wastes and
  transports other blood components.

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Solid components of blood

• Red blood cells-produced in marrow of bones.
• Function-transport oxygen from lungs to the body
  cells and carbon dioxide from the cells to the
  lungs.

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White blood cells

• Function-disease fighting part of the immune
  system.
• Aid in producing antibodies that help body fight
  infection.

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Platelets

• Disk-shaped fragments that are made up of cell
  fragments.
• Function-main component for clotting because they
  bind together.

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3 Major types of blood vessels

• Arteries
• Carotid
• Brachial
• Radial
• Femoral
• Dorsalis pedis
• Veins
• Capillaries

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Capillaries

• Link arteries and veins-Teeny tiny!
• Function-transfer oxygen and other nutrients from
  the blood into the cells.
• Pick up waste products from cells and move them
  to veins.

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Arteries

• Carry blood away from heart
• Travels faster and under pressure-pumps
• Bright red blood.

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Veins

• Carry blood to heart
• Carry waste products from the cells
• Bleeding flows steadily without spurting, easier
  to control.
• Dark red or maroon in color

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Capillaries

• Most common type of bleeding
• Easy to control
• Oozes from the wound
• Paler red in color than arterial bleeding

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External bleeding

• Occurs when a blood vessel is opened by tearing
  the skin.
• Treatment-check scene and victim, ask permission,
  call 911(if needed), put on gloves, apply direct
  pressure with a sterile bandage, elevate
  extremity, compress main artery if necessary.
  Apply extra bandages ON TOP OF EXISTING BANDAGE.

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Internal bleeding

• Escape of blood from veins, arteries or
  capillaries.
• Signs and Symptoms-swelling, rigidity, anxiety,
  weak and rapid pulse, rapid breathing or
  shortness of breath, skin that is cool, pale,
  bluish or ashen.
• Bruising by the injured area.
• Nausea/vomiting
• Abdominal pain
• Excessive thirst

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Care for internal bleeding

• If severe-call 911 keep comfortable
• Monitor breathing
• Keep victim from getting chilled or overheated.
• Reassure victim
• Try to reduce swelling with ice

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Warning

• Graphic soft tissue injuries pictures
• BE AWARE!!!

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Avulsion

• Skin partially torn away from the body.

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Amputation

• Body part completely severed from body

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Treatment

• Wrap body part in a dressing
• Put body part in plastic bag and put on ice.
• Transport victim and body part to hospital.

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Occlusive bandage

• a dressing that prevents air from reaching a
  wound and that retains moisture, heat, body
  fluids. It may consist of a sheet of thin plastic
  affixed with transparent tape.

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After applying a bandage

• Keep checking below the bandage site to make sure
  your bandage did not restrict circulation.
• Check for FEELING, WARMTH AND COLOR.
• Elastic bandages can restrict blood flow if not
  put on properly

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Tourniquet-band used to stop the blood flow.

• SHOULD ONLY BE USED AS A LAST RESORT TO SAVE
  SOMEONE FROM BLEEDING TO DEATH.
• Apply tourniquet above the wound.
• Twist until bleeding stops