Calculate the speed of a water wave when waves 5.0 m apart pass by at 40.0 waves per minute

1
Calculate the speed of a water wave when waves
5.0 m apart pass by at 40.0 waves per minute
2
Chapter 16

• Light

3
Light

• The range of frequencies of electromagnetic waves
  that stimulate the retina of the eye

4
Electromagnetic Wave

• Transverse waves made up of pulses moving through
  space that affect both electric magnetic fields

5
Spectrum

• An ordered arrangement of many frequencies or
  wavelengths of waves

6
Electromagnetic Spectrum

• An ordered arrangement of all the electromagnetic
  waves

7
Ray

• The straight line path of a light wave

8
Incident Ray

• A ray striking a surface

9
Transmitted Ray

• A ray passing through a substance

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Reflected Ray

• A ray bouncing off of another substance

11
Speed of Light

• First Determined by Ole Roemer by observing the
  moons of Jupiter from opposite ends of Earths
  orbit.

12
Speed of Light

• Correctly determined by Michelson by reflecting
  light from a spinning octagonal mirror.

13
Speed of Light
cvac 299,792,458 m/s For most calculations c
3.00 x 108 m/s
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Light Velocity Formula

• c lf

15
Calculate the frequency of electromagnetic waves
at600.0 nm150 mm45.0 cm
16
Calculate the frequency of IR light at900.0 nm
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Luminous

• Anything that emits light
• Sun, light bulb, etc

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Illuminated

• Anything that reflects light
• Moon, mirror, wall, etc

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Luminous Flux (P)

• The rate at which light is emitted

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Lumens (lm)

• The unit of luminous flux

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Light from a bulb or source is emitted
spherically from the source
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We are usually interested in the illumination of
a certain area
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Illuminance (E)

• The illumination of a surface

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Lux (lx)

• The unit for illumination
• lx lm/m2

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Luminous Intensity (I)

• The magnitude of the light source

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Candela (cd)

• Candle power of the unit for luminous intensity

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Luminous Intensity Formula
I d2
E
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Luminous Flux Formula
P 4pd2
E
29
Determine the effect on illumination of a wall if
a light source is moved from 30.0 to 120 cm away
from the wall.
30
Calculate the illumination on a surface 2.0 m
away from a bulb emitting 1600 cd.
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Calculate the illumination on a surface 3.0 m
away from a bulb emitting 2700 cd.
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Transparent

• Substances that allows light to be clearly
  transmitted through them

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Translucent

• Substances that allows light to be transmitted,
  though not clearly, through them

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Opaque

• Substances absorb or reflect all light striking
  them

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Color

• A perception caused when cones in the eyes are
  excited by certain frequencies or wavelengths of
  electromagnetic waves

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Luminous Colors
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Primary Colors

• Red
• Blue
• Green

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Secondary Colors

• Colors produced by mixing primary colors

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Secondary Colors

• Yellow Red Green
• Cyan Blue Green
• Magenta Red Blue

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Complimentary Colors

• Two colors that when mixed produced white light

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Complimentary Colors

• Red Cyan
• Blue Yellow
• Green Magenta

42
List the three primary colors list eachs
complementary color.
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Illuminated Colors
44
Dyes

• Molecules that absorb certain wavelengths of
  light thus reflect others

45
Dyes

• Dyes are made up of molecules which are too small
  to be seen with a microscope

46
Dyes

• When dissolved, form colored solutions that allow
  light to pass through

47
Pigments

• Materials that absorb certain wavelengths of
  light thus reflect others

48
Pigments

• Pigments are made up of particles large enough to
  be seen with a microscope

49
Pigments

• When dissolved, form suspensions that reflect
  light and are opaque

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Primary Pigments

• A pigment that absorbs a primary color

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Primary Pigments

• Yellow
• Cyan
• Magenta

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Secondary Pigments

• A pigment that absorbs two primary colors thus
  reflect the third

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Secondary Pigments

• They are the primary colors red, blue, green

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Thin Film Interference

• Constructive destructive effects of
  interference causing a rainbow appearance on a
  thin film

55
Thin Film Interference

• Wavelengths are reinforced when the film is ¼ l,
  ¾ l, 5/4 l, etc

56
Electromagnetic waves are transverse with
vibrations like sin waves vibrating at 360o from
the ray
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Polarized Light

• A light wave vibrating in only one direction

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Polarized Light

• Can be produced by passing regular light through
  a polarized lens

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Polarizer

• A screen with very fine slits all being parallel
  to each other

60
Calculate the frequency period of light with a
wavelength of 450 nm