Kinetics , Thermodynamics and Equilibrium

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Kinetics , Thermodynamics and Equilibrium

• Regents Chemistry

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Kinetics and Thermodynamics

• Kinetics deals with rates of reactions
• Thermodynamics involves changes in energy that
  occur in reactions

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Kinetics Collision Theory

• Measured in
• moles of reactant used per unit time
• Or
• moles of product formed per unit time
• Frequency of collisions more collisions faster
  rate
• Effective collisions must have proper
  orientation and enough energy

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Factors Affecting Rate

• 1. Type of substance
• Ionic substances react faster bonds require less
  energy to break
• Covalent react more slowly bonds require more
  energy to break

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Factors Affecting Rate

• 2. Temperature increase
• Kinetic energy increases and the number of
  collisions increases.
• Soreactants have more energy when colliding.
  This increases rate.

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Factors Affecting Rate

• 3. Concentration increase
• Increases rate due to the fact that more
  particles in a container, which creates more
  collisions.

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Factors Affecting Rate

• 4. Surface Area Increase
• Increases rate by increasing reactant interaction
  or collisions

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Factors Affecting Rate

• 5. Pressure Increases
• Increases the rate of reactions involving gases
  only

As pressure ? Volume ? so spaces between
molecules ? ? frequency of effective collisions
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Factors Affecting Rate

• 6. Catalyst substance that increases rate of
  reaction, lowers the activation energy of the
  reaction.
• Catalysts remain unchanged during the reaction
  and can be reused.
• Activation energy amount of energy required to
  start a reaction

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Potential Energy Diagrams

• Graphs the Change in heat during the course of a
  reaction.