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Kinetics , Thermodynamics and Equilibrium

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Title: Kinetics , Thermodynamics and Equilibrium


1
Kinetics , Thermodynamics and Equilibrium
  • Regents Chemistry

2
Kinetics and Thermodynamics
  • Kinetics deals with rates of reactions
  • Thermodynamics involves changes in energy that
    occur in reactions

3
Kinetics Collision Theory
  • Measured in
  • moles of reactant used per unit time
  • Or
  • moles of product formed per unit time
  • Frequency of collisions more collisions faster
    rate
  • Effective collisions must have proper
    orientation and enough energy

4
Factors Affecting Rate
  • 1. Type of substance
  • Ionic substances react faster bonds require less
    energy to break
  • Covalent react more slowly bonds require more
    energy to break

5
Factors Affecting Rate
  • 2. Temperature increase
  • Kinetic energy increases and the number of
    collisions increases.
  • Soreactants have more energy when colliding.
    This increases rate.

6
Factors Affecting Rate
  • 3. Concentration increase
  • Increases rate due to the fact that more
    particles in a container, which creates more
    collisions.

7
Factors Affecting Rate
  • 4. Surface Area Increase
  • Increases rate by increasing reactant interaction
    or collisions

8
Factors Affecting Rate
  • 5. Pressure Increases
  • Increases the rate of reactions involving gases
    only

As pressure ? Volume ? so spaces between
molecules ? ? frequency of effective collisions
9
Factors Affecting Rate
  • 6. Catalyst substance that increases rate of
    reaction, lowers the activation energy of the
    reaction.
  • Catalysts remain unchanged during the reaction
    and can be reused.
  • Activation energy amount of energy required to
    start a reaction

10
Potential Energy Diagrams
  • Graphs the Change in heat during the course of a
    reaction.
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