The Causes of the Civil War

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The Causes of the Civil War

• Assessment Complete the escalation chart by
  explaining how each event caused more conflict
  between the North and the South.

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1 What is it and why did it cause problems?
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The Mexican War

• How did the Mexican War cause problems?

• There were arguments over slavery in the new
  territory.
• Wilmot Proviso outlaw slavery in new territory.
  Passed the House, rejected by Senate (slave and
  free states equal there).
• Free-Soil Party Candidate Martin Van Buren 10
  votes in 1848 election.
• Gold Rush to California (mostly from the
  North/West).
• California wanted to be a free state!

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The Compromise of 1850
Whats the problem?
Much of the new territory was below the Missouri
Compromise line. However, California, Utah, and
New Mexico all wanted to be Free States! This
enraged the South. They would have no power and
the Wilmot Proviso could be passed outlawing
slavery in all new territories!
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The Compromise of 1850

• What was the problem?
• How did California make things worse?

• Southerners threatened to secede (leave the
  union) because they would be outnumbered in the
  Senate.
• Some threatened Civil War!

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The Compromise of 1850

• What was the Compromise?

• California would be free
• New Mexico/Utah decided by popular sovereignty.
• Slave trade outlawed in Washington DC.
• Congress had no power to ban slave trade between
  slave states
• New Fugitive Slave Act required all citizens to
  help return property.

President Taylor (a southern plantation owner)
wanted to stand up to the South and refused to
Compromise!
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The Compromise of 1850

• Northerners were mad about the Fugitive Slave Act
• Many said the compromise was unconstitutional
• Protests and boycotts began
• South was outnumbered in the Senate!
• Neither side was happy.

• What were the results of the Compromise?

• Taylor died before the confrontation.
• The new president Millard Fillmore gave his
  support.
• The Compromise passed

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3 What is it and why did it cause problems?
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How did the Mexican War cause problems?

1. It led to war between the British and the
   Americans over Oregon.
2. Arguments over slavery in the new territory.
3. The Free Soilers planned to secede
4. The Americans brought slaves to California.

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Identify a part of the Compromise of 1850.

1. California was a slave state
2. Oregon was a free state
3. Popular sovereignty would be used to decide
   slavery in New Mexico
4. The Fugitive Slave Act was removed.

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What was the Compromise of 1850?

1. An agreement that solved the problems between the
   North and the South.
2. A compromise to solve the issue of slavery in the
   territories won from Mexico.
3. An agreement to use popular sovereignty to solve
   the issue of slavery in all states.
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

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Uncle Toms Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe

• How did Uncle Toms Cabin make things worse?

• Showed evils of slavery.
• Changed the way many northerners felt about
  slavery
• Many more became abolitionists
• Very unpopular in the South unfair depiction.

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Kansas and Nebraska

• 1854 - Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Create two territories.
• Slavery decided by popular sovereignty (most
  votes wins).

• Why/How did the problems with Kansas and Nebraska
  begin?

• Stephen Douglas proposed a law to set up a
  government for the Nebraska Territory.
• Franklin Pierce thought it was a good idea!

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How did it make things worse?
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Kansas and Nebraska

• How did people react to the Kansas Nebraska Act?

• Slavery could spread north!
• More than 1000 abolitionist (anti-slavery)
  settlers moved from New England.
• Pro-slavery Border Ruffians came from Missouri
  to fight for slavery!

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Kansas and Nebraska

• How did the Kansas Nebraska Act lead to violence?

• 1855 - Kansas had elections
• Pro-slavery candidates won and set up a
  government.
• Antislavery forces formed their own government
• RESULT Violence! More than 200 settlers died
  (known as Bleeding Kansas)
• Popular sovereignty was a failure!

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Bleeding Kansas

• The most famous incidents destruction of
  Lawrence by proslavery forces and murder of 5
  proslavery settlers by John Brown and his sons.

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6 What is happening? What do you think it
means?
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How did the Mexican War cause problems?

1. It led to war between the British and the
   Americans over Oregon.
2. Arguments over slavery in the new territory.
3. The Free Soilers planned to secede
4. The Americans brought slaves to California.

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Identify a part of the Compromise of 1850.

1. California was a slave state
2. Oregon was a free state
3. Popular sovereignty would be used to decide
   slavery in New Mexico
4. The Fugitive Slave Act was removed.

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What was the Compromise of 1850?

1. An agreement that solved the problems between the
   North and the South.
2. A compromise to solve the issue of slavery in the
   territories won from Mexico.
3. An agreement to use popular sovereignty to solve
   the issue of slavery in all states.
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

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Why was Uncle Toms Cabin important?

1. It helped lead to the Civil War
2. It showed the evils of slavery
3. It convinced more people to become Abolitionists.
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

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What was the Kansas and Nebraska Act?

1. A decision that solved the arguments over slavery
   in all territories.
2. A law that said slavery would be decided by
   popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska
3. A law that created two governments for Kansas
4. All of the above
5. None of the above

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What did the Kansas Nebraska Act lead to?

1. Bleeding Kansas
2. The battle of Fort Sumter
3. Uncle Toms Cabin
4. Kansas was named a slave state
5. Kansas was named a free state

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The beating of Charles Sumner

• What happened to Charles Sumner?
• Sumner was an abolitionist in the Senate.
• Beaten almost to death by Congressman Preston
  Brooks.

Sumner had insulted South Carolina Senator Andrew
Butler in a speech about the situation in Kansas.
Butlers nephew, Congressman Preston Brooks
wanted revenge!
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Why was the Sumner beating important?

• Many southerners supported Brooks.

• Northerners more evidence of how slavery led to
  violence.
• Escalation chart

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Dred Scott v. Sandford

• What was the Dred Scott case about?

• 1857 Scott was a slave who had been moved to
  free territory.
• Argued he should be free!

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Decision

• What was the decision made by the court in the
  Dred Scott case?

• Court ruled
• Scott could not file a lawsuit (was a slave)
• He had no rights!
• Slaves were property
• Congress did not have the power to outlaw slavery
  in any territory.

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(No Transcript)
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• What were the results of the case?

• South was happy slavery could spread anywhere.
• Northerners Very mad and even more people joined
  the abolitionist movement.

Frederick Douglass All I ask of the American
people is that they live up to the Constitution,
adopt its principles, take in its spirit, and
enforce its provisions. When this is done
liberty will become the inheritance of all of
the inhabitants of this highly favored country.
Prentice Hall, 472
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What did the Supreme Court say in the Dred Scott
decision?

1. Dred Scott would be free
2. Slaves had no rights and Congress could not
   interfere with slavery
3. All slaves should be free after the Civil War
4. The Missouri Compromise should be reinstated.

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John Browns Raid

• What scared Southerners and made them fear the
  North?

• 1859 John Brown (from Bleeding Kansas) led a
  group of followers to Harpers Ferry Virginia.
• Tried to take over the guns federal arsenal (gun
  warehouse)
• Planned to lead a slave revolt in the South

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John Browns Raid

• What was the result of John Browns Raid?

• Brown failed, was captured, and sentenced to
  death.
• North Brown became a hero to many people.
• South
• Very angry about the attack and the Norths
  support of it.
• Thought the North wanted to destroy slavery.

Hero or villain? depends on where you were from!
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The Election of 1860
What happened in the election? Why was it
important?
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The Election of 1860

• What happened in the election of 1860?

• Democrats split over slavery.
• Constitutional Union Party chose another
  candidate to keep the country together.
• Republicans chose Abraham Lincoln.
• Lincoln won the North and West and became the new
  president!

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Lincoln said of slaves

• There is no reason in the world why the negro is
  not entitled to all the natural rights in the
  Declaration of Independence, the right to life,
  liberty, and the pursuit of happiness In the
  right to eat the bread, without the leave of
  anybody else, which his own hand earns, he is my
  equal and the equal of Judge Douglas, and the
  equal of every living man. Prentice Hall, 474

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The Election of 1860
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The Election of 1860

• What was the result of the election of 1860?

• Republicans had control of Congress and the
  Presidency.
• South believed they no longer had any power!
• December 1860 South Carolina seceded.
• Soon after, 6 more states soon joined them.

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The Confederate States of America

• What did the southern states do after secession?

• Early 1861 seven southern states held a
  convention and chose Jefferson Davis as their
  president.
• Formed the Confederate States of America (a loose
  union just like the Articles of Confederation)

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Fort Sumter Civil War Begins

• How did the Civil War begin?

• Lincoln promised to keep the US together.
• Confederates tried to seize all U.S. forts in the
  South.
• US troops at Fort Sumter (SC) refused to give up.
• April 13, 1861 the Confederates attacked.
• Union (North) troops surrendered and the war had
  begun.

The Battle of Fort Sumter wasnt much of a battle
compared to the bloody fights that would follow
in the next 4 years!