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Nationalism Lecture 4: Theories II

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Nationalism Lecture 4: Theories II Prof. Lars-Erik Cederman Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Center for Comparative and International Studies (CIS) – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Nationalism Lecture 4: Theories II


1
NationalismLecture 4 Theories II
  • Prof. Lars-Erik Cederman
  • Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH)
  • Center for Comparative and International Studies
    (CIS) Seilergraben 49, Room G.2
  • lcederman_at_ethz.ch
  • http//www.icr.ethz.ch/teaching/nationalism
  • Assistant Kimberly Sims, CIS, Room E 3,
    k-sims_at_northwestern.edu

2
Summary Gellner
  • Gellner offers a constructivist critique of
    essentialist theory that
  • defines nationalism as principle stipulating
    political and cultural boundaries should coincide
  • is based on philosophy of history with
    nationalism as integrated part of modern world
  • stresses high culture supported by education
  • includes a theory of social conflict

3
Theories of nationalismMain Debates
Nationalist primordialism
Anti-nationalist ideology
Constructivism
Essentialism
Gellner
4
Critical reactions to Gellner
  • Functionalism
  • Materialism
  • Politics?
  • Culture?
  • Philosophy of history
  • Nations before industrial society?
  • Prediction may be possible

5
Gellners functionalism
  • So the economy needs both the type of central
    culture and the central state the culture needs
    the state and the state probably needs the
    homogenous cultural branding of its flock ... In
    brief, the mutual relationship of a modern
    culture and state is something quite new, and
    springs, inevitably, from the requirements of
    modern society. (Nations and Nationalism, p. 140)

6
Functionalist explanation
beneficial effect
?
Nationalism
Industrial Society
?
7
Amending Gellners theory
beneficial effect
Pre-modern factors
Nationalism
Modern Society
Causal mechanisms
8
Benedict Anderson Imagined Communities
beneficial effect
Vernacula- rization 1. Print-capitalism 2.
Reformation 3. Admin. reforms
Nation-state as imagined community
Nationalism
9
Michael Mann Political institutionalism
Religious phase
beneficial effect
Modern, democratic society
Discursive literacy
Nationalism
State policies, democratic movements
Commercial/ statist phase
10
Other constructivists
  • Eric Hobsbawm Marxist interpretation of
    nationalism as false consciousness and
    invention of ideology
  • Nationalism was emancipatory but then derailed
  • Nationalism will be surpassed post-nationalism
  • Karl Deutsch social communication and
    modernization
  • Rogers Brubaker Social closure of citizenship
    and immigration policies

11
Essentialist critique
  • Materialism culture!
  • Historical timing
  • nations before nationalism!
  • history more deterministic!

Nationalism
Nations
Ethnic communities
12
A. D. Smiths critique of Gellner
  • Cultural functionalism
  • Nations have ancient roots

Ethnic Communities
Nationalism
Nations
Modern Society
need
Ethno- genesis
Nation- formation
13
Ethnogenesis (Nation Identity, Ch. 2)
  • State-making
  • Military mobilization
  • Organized religion
  • Ethnic evolution
  • Religious reform
  • Cultural borrowing
  • Popular participation
  • Myths of ethnic election

14
Nation-Formation(National Identity, ch. 3)
  • Def. nation
  • 1. homeland
  • 2. myths
  • 3. mass culture
  • 4. legal rights
  • 5. economy

Lateral ethnie
Vertical ethnie
15
Other essentialists
  • John Armstrong, Nations Before Nationalism
  • Liah Greenfeld, Nationalism Five Roads to
    Modernity
  • Walker Connors, Ethno-Nationalism

16
Gellners response to his critics
  • Functionalism
  • Beyond industrialization bureaucratic
    centralization
  • Nations have navels
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