The Locomotive

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• CHAPTER 4

• The Locomotive

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• Steam until
• mid 1950s

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• Types of Locomotives
• Steam
• Diesel-Electric
• Electric
• Hybrid

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• Two Factors Determine the Ability of a Locomotive
  to
• Start, Accelerate, and Obtain Top Speed
• Tractive Effort
• The Ability to Overcome Resistance
• -Starting, Grade, Wind, Curve, Rolling
• Tractive Force Weight of Drivers x Coefficient
  of Adhesion
• Horse Power (mainly 1,500 to 5,000 hp)
• Rate of Doing Work
• Drawbar Horsepower horsepower available to haul

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• Adhesion Control
• Grip Rail without Slipping
• Dependent on weather, rail conditions
• Controlled automatically in modern locomotive
• Sanding

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• Tractive Force vs. Tonnage and Grade

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• Performance Curve of the Locomotive
• (with train resistance for 420 tons trailing load
  of passenger stock)

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• Different Horsepower Ratings
• Not all engine power pulls train
• On average, 82 of power is left to pull train

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• Power Required vs. Speed and Grade

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• DieselElectric Locomotive
• Diesel Engine Prime Mover
• Turbocharger / Electronic Fuel Injection
• Alternator / Generator / Fans / Batteries
• AC/DC Traction Motors

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• Locomotive Principal Components

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• Radial Trucks

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• Locomotive Controls
• Minimum Levers, but Connected to Circuitry
• Microprocessor Control
• Display Screens
• Interfaces with Primary Operator

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• Six Axle, approx. 390,000 pounds

• vs.

• Four Axle, approx. 260,000 pounds

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• Multiple Unit Arrangements

• Distributive Power / ECP
• Mid-Train or Rear End

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• Slugs and Mates

No Prime Mover Store Excess Power Provide Weight
for Tractive Effort
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• Maintenance and Life Span
• Most New Locomotives can Self-Diagnose Problems
• Different Inspections Mandatory at Daily,
  92-days, Annual, and Biennial Periods
• Remote Diagnostics
• Average Locomotive Service is 20-25 Years
• Used to be Returned to Manufacturer, but Now Sold
  to Smaller Railroads

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Genset and Hybrid Locomotives (Mainly for
Switching)Genset Multiple engine-generators
per vehicle
Hybrid Operates on batteries that are charged
overnight